Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/FIOCRUZ, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil.
Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais/UFMG, Av. Pres. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
Parasit Vectors. 2017 Dec 29;10(1):627. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2593-7.
The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. In the New World, Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of visceral leishmaniasis and is a proven vector for Leishmania infantum chagasi in Brazil. During development within the vector, Leishmania can interact with a variety of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. The presence of bacteria in the midgut of sand flies can influence the development and survival of the parasite.
The bacteria-targeted metagenomic analysis revealed different community compositions between the distinct physiological stages of those tested. The amplicon-oriented metagenomic profiling revealed 64 bacterial genera and 46 families. By crossing the taxa indices from each experimental condition a core composed of 6 genera was identified (Enterobacter, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Enhydrobacter, Pseudomonas and Chryseobacterium).
The observed dynamic nature of the bacterial community expands the knowledge pertaining to the tripartite host-microbiota-pathogen interactions. Further studies addressing how laboratory and field collected communities differ are critical to successfully develop control strategies based on bacterial symbionts and paratransgenesis, as already tested in other arthropod vectors.
利什曼病是一组由原生动物利什曼原虫引起的疾病，通过沙蝇的叮咬传播。在新大陆，长须白蛉是内脏利什曼病最重要的传播媒介，也是巴西利什曼原虫查加斯亚种的已证实传播媒介。在媒介体内发育过程中，利什曼原虫可以与真菌和细菌等多种微生物相互作用。沙蝇中肠内细菌的存在会影响寄生虫的发育和存活。
针对细菌的宏基因组分析显示，不同生理阶段的样本之间存在不同的群落组成。基于扩增子的宏基因组分析揭示了 64 个细菌属和 46 个科。通过交叉比较每个实验条件的分类指数，确定了由 6 个属组成的核心菌群（肠杆菌、沙雷氏菌、寡养单胞菌、 Enhydrobacter、假单胞菌和黄杆菌）。
观察到的细菌群落动态变化扩展了关于三方宿主-微生物-病原体相互作用的知识。进一步研究实验室和野外采集的群落差异对于成功开发基于细菌共生体和paratransgenesis 的控制策略至关重要，这已经在其他节肢动物媒介中进行了测试。
