Shaghayegh Gohar, Alabsi Aied M, Ali-Saeed Rola, Ali Abdul Manaf, Vincent-Chong Vui King, Ismail Nor Hadiani, Choon Y F, Zain Rosnah Binti
Department of Oral and craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Email:
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017 Dec 29;18(12):3333-3341. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.12.3333.
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the developed world, with one-third of people diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. Oral cancer commonly occurs involving the buccal mucosa (cheeks), tongue, floor of the mouth and lip. It is one of the most devastating and disfiguring of malignancies. Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as ‘noni’, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It is native to the Pacific islands, Hawaii, Caribbean, Asia and Australia. The plant displays broad curative effects in pharmacological studies. Damnacanthal (DAM) and Nordamnacanthal (NDAM), anthraquinone compounds isolated from the roots of Morinda citrifolia L., has been used for the treatment of several chronic diseases including cancer. The objectives of this study were to evaluate cytotoxicity, morphological changes, cell death mode (apoptosis/necrosis), and cell migration induced by DAM and NDAM on the most common type of oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)cells. Anti-proliferative effects of these compounds against OSCC cell lines were determined by MTT assay. The mode of cell death was analysed by phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy as well as flow cytometry. In addition, cell migration was assessed. The results showed that DAM and NDAM exerted cytotoxicity against OSCC cells with IC50 values of 1.9 to >30 μg/ml after 72 h treatment. Maximum growth inhibition among the tested cell lines for both compounds was observed in H400 cells, and thus it was selected for further study. The study demonstrated inhibition of H400 OSCC cell proliferation, marked apoptotic morphological changes, induction of early apoptosis, and inhibition of cell migration by DAM and NDAM. Therefore, this information suggests that these compounds from noni have potential for used as anti tumor agents for oral cancer therapy.
癌症是发达国家最常见的死因之一，三分之一的人在其一生中会被诊断出患有癌症。口腔癌通常发生在颊黏膜（脸颊）、舌头、口腔底部和唇部。它是最具破坏性和毁容性的恶性肿瘤之一。海巴戟，通常被称为“诺丽”，属于茜草科。它原产于太平洋岛屿、夏威夷、加勒比地区、亚洲和澳大利亚。该植物在药理研究中显示出广泛的治疗作用。从海巴戟根部分离出的蒽醌类化合物—— damnacanthal（DAM）和去甲 damnacanthal（NDAM），已被用于治疗包括癌症在内的多种慢性疾病。本研究的目的是评估 DAM 和 NDAM 对最常见的口腔癌类型——口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）细胞的细胞毒性、形态变化、细胞死亡模式（凋亡/坏死）以及细胞迁移情况。通过 MTT 法测定这些化合物对 OSCC 细胞系的抗增殖作用。通过相差显微镜、荧光显微镜以及流式细胞术分析细胞死亡模式。此外，还评估了细胞迁移情况。结果显示，DAM 和 NDAM 对 OSCC 细胞具有细胞毒性，72 小时处理后的 IC50 值为 1.9 至>30μg/ml。在测试的细胞系中，两种化合物对 H400 细胞的生长抑制作用最大，因此选择 HH400 细胞进行进一步研究。该研究表明 DAM 和 NDAM 可抑制 H400 OSCC 细胞增殖，引起明显的凋亡形态变化，诱导早期凋亡，并抑制细胞迁移。因此，这些信息表明诺丽中的这些化合物有潜力用作口腔癌治疗的抗肿瘤药物。
