Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Québec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Côte St-Catherine Road, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Côte St-Catherine Road, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Vaccine. 2018 Jan 29;36(5):660-667. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.12.043. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
The SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy developed a vaccine hesitancy measure, the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS). This scale has the potential to aid in the advancement of research and immunization policy but has not yet been psychometrically evaluated.
Using a cross-sectional design, we collected self-reported survey data from a large national sample of Canadian parents from August to September 2016. An online questionnaire was completed in English or French. We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to identify latent constructs underlying parents' responses to 10 VHS items (response scale 1-5, with higher scores indicating greater hesitancy). In addition to the VHS, measures included socio-demographics items, vaccine attitudes, parents' human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine decision-making stage, and vaccine refusal.
A total of 3779 Canadian parents completed the survey in English (74.1%) or French (25.9%). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure best explained the data, consisting of 'lack of confidence' (M = 1.98, SD = 0.72) and 'risks' (M = 3.07, SD = 0.95). Significant Pearson correlations were found between the scales and related vaccine attitudes. ANOVA analyses found significant differences in the VHS sub-scales by parents' vaccine decision-making stages (p < .001). Independent samples t-tests found that the VHS sub-scales were associated with HPV vaccine refusal and refusing another vaccine (p < .001). Socio-demographic differences in the VHS were found; however, effect sizes were small (η < 0.02).
The VHS was found to have two factors that have construct and criterion validity in identifying vaccine hesitant parents. A limitation of the VHS was few items that loaded on the 'risks' component and a lack of positively and negatively worded items for both components. Based on these results, we suggest modifying the wording of some items and adding items on risk perceptions.
SAGE 疫苗犹豫工作组开发了一种疫苗犹豫衡量标准，即疫苗犹豫量表（VHS）。该量表有可能有助于推进研究和免疫政策，但尚未进行心理测量评估。
使用横断面设计，我们于 2016 年 8 月至 9 月从加拿大的一个大型全国父母样本中收集了自我报告的调查数据。在线问卷以英语或法语完成。我们使用探索性和验证性因素分析来确定父母对 10 个 VHS 项目（反应量表 1-5，得分越高表示犹豫程度越高）的反应背后的潜在结构。除了 VHS 外，测量还包括社会人口统计学项目、疫苗态度、父母的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗决策阶段以及疫苗拒绝。
共有 3779 名加拿大父母以英语（74.1%）或法语（25.9%）完成了调查。探索性和验证性因素分析表明，“缺乏信心”（M=1.98，SD=0.72）和“风险”（M=3.07，SD=0.95）这两个因素结构可以最好地解释数据。发现量表之间以及与相关疫苗态度之间存在显著的皮尔逊相关性。方差分析发现，父母的疫苗决策阶段（p<0.001）在 VHS 子量表上存在显著差异。独立样本 t 检验发现，VHS 子量表与 HPV 疫苗拒绝和拒绝另一种疫苗有关（p<0.001）。在 VHS 中发现了社会人口统计学差异；然而，效应大小较小（η<0.02）。
发现 VHS 有两个因素，可以通过识别疫苗犹豫的父母来识别疫苗犹豫。VHS 的一个限制是，“风险”组成部分中只有很少的项目，并且两个组成部分都缺乏正反两面的项目。基于这些结果，我们建议修改一些项目的措辞，并添加有关风险感知的项目。
