Vasquez Yasmin M
The Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Steroids. 2018 May;133:82-86. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.12.014. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
Estrogen (E2) plays a central role in the developmental, metabolic and reproductive functions of both males and females. E2 acts via the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) to regulate the transcription of genes involved in numerous cellular functions. The E2-dependent engagement of ERα across regulatory regions of the genome, termed "enhancers", exhibits a high degree of complexity and plasticity. The E2-transcriptional response is defined by pioneer factors, transcription co-factors, posttranslational modifications of ERα, the chromatin environment, and cross talk with other signaling pathways. These inputs collectively define the normal functions of tissues like the mammary gland and the uterus. This mechanism can also provide a selective and aberrant growth advantage in pathological conditions, such as cancer. E2-regulated transcription continues to be an area of great interest in the fields of reproduction and cancer. The goal of these field is to decipher the molecular mechanisms governing ERα transcription to design effective therapeutic strategies for the improvement of clinical care and control of fertility.
雌激素（E2）在男性和女性的发育、代谢及生殖功能中发挥着核心作用。E2通过雌激素受体α（ERα）发挥作用，以调节参与众多细胞功能的基因转录。E2依赖的ERα与基因组调控区域（称为“增强子”）的结合表现出高度的复杂性和可塑性。E2转录反应由先驱因子、转录共因子、ERα的翻译后修饰、染色质环境以及与其他信号通路的相互作用所定义。这些输入共同决定了乳腺和子宫等组织的正常功能。在诸如癌症等病理状况下，这一机制也能提供选择性的异常生长优势。E2调节的转录仍是生殖和癌症领域备受关注的一个领域。这些领域的目标是破解控制ERα转录的分子机制，以设计有效的治疗策略，改善临床护理并控制生育能力。
