Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 1;625:320-335. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.257. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
Soil salinization and sodification are two commonly occurring major threats to soil productivity in arable croplands. Salt-affected soils are found in >100 countries, and their distribution is extensive and widespread in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In order to meet the challenges of global food security, it is imperative to bring barren salt-affected soils under cultivation. Various inorganic and organic amendments are used to reclaim the salt-affected lands. The selection of a sustainable ameliorant is largely determined by the site-specific geographical and soil physicochemical parameters. Recently, biochar (solid carbonaceous residue, produced under oxygen-free or oxygen-limited conditions at temperatures ranging from 300 to 1000°C) has attracted considerable attention as a soil amendment. An emerging pool of knowledge shows that biochar addition is effective in improving physical, chemical and biological properties of salt-affected soils. However, some studies have also found an increase in soil salinity and sodicity with biochar application at high rates. Further, the high cost associated with production of biochar and high application rates remains a significant challenge to its widespread use in areas affected by salinity and sodicity. Moreover, there is relatively limited information on the long-term behavior of salt-affected soils subjected to biochar applications. The main objective of the present paper was to review, analyze and discuss the recent studies investigating a role of biochar in improving soil properties and plant growth in salt-affected soils. This review emphasizes that using biochar as an organic amendment for sustainable and profitable use of salt-affected soils would not be practicable as long as low-cost methods for the production of biochar are not devised.
土壤盐渍化和碱化是耕地土壤生产力面临的两个主要威胁。受盐影响的土壤分布在 100 多个国家，在世界干旱和半干旱地区广泛分布。为了应对全球粮食安全的挑战，必须将贫瘠的受盐影响的土壤开垦为耕地。各种无机和有机改良剂被用于开垦受盐影响的土地。可持续改良剂的选择在很大程度上取决于特定地点的地理和土壤物理化学参数。最近，生物炭（在无氧或缺氧条件下，温度范围为 300 至 1000°C 时产生的固体碳素残留物）作为土壤改良剂引起了相当大的关注。越来越多的知识表明，生物炭的添加可以有效地改善受盐影响土壤的物理、化学和生物学特性。然而，一些研究也发现，随着生物炭的高用量应用，土壤的盐度和碱度会增加。此外，生物炭的高生产成本和高应用率仍然是其在受盐和碱影响地区广泛应用的一个重大挑战。此外，关于受生物炭应用影响的盐渍土的长期行为的信息相对有限。本文的主要目的是综述、分析和讨论最近研究生物炭在改善受盐影响土壤性质和植物生长中的作用的研究。这篇综述强调，只要没有设计出低成本的生物炭生产方法，将生物炭用作有机改良剂来可持续和有利地利用受盐影响的土壤是不可行的。
