Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Mar 15;234:52-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.085. Epub 2019 Jan 4.
Soil degradation has become an emerging global problem limiting sustainable upland crop production. Soil erosion, soil acidity, low fertility, inorganic/organic contamination, and salinization challenge food security and lead to severe economic constraints. Therefore, a new research agenda to develop cost-beneficial amendments for improving upland soil quality and productivity is urgently required. Biochar has been used in recent years to mitigate the problems mentioned above. Application of biochar improves the upland soil quality through significant changes in soil physicochemical and biological properties, thereby substantially increasing crop yield. This review article aims to discuss the effects of biochar on upland soil quality and productivity based on biochar-soil interactions. The yield of various upland crops can be enhanced by biochar-induced increases of nutrient availability and topsoil retention/recovery. Furthermore, biochar can assist in controlling unsuitable soil acidity/alkalinity/salinity and remediating a contaminated soil while increasing the retention of soil organic carbon, water content, and thereby high crop yield. Biochar is strongly recommended as one of the best management practices to meet the challenges of upland agriculture. However, the properties of biochar and soil type should be considered carefully prior to application.
土壤退化已成为一个新兴的全球性问题，限制了旱地作物的可持续生产。土壤侵蚀、土壤酸化、肥力低下、无机/有机污染和盐渍化等问题挑战着粮食安全，并导致严重的经济限制。因此，迫切需要制定具有成本效益的改良旱地土壤质量和生产力的研究议程。近年来，生物炭已被用于缓解上述问题。生物炭的应用通过显著改变土壤理化和生物学特性来改善旱地土壤质量，从而大幅提高作物产量。本文旨在基于生物炭-土壤相互作用，讨论生物炭对旱地土壤质量和生产力的影响。生物炭可以通过增加养分的有效性和表土的保持/恢复来提高各种旱地作物的产量。此外，生物炭可以帮助控制不适宜的土壤酸度/碱度/盐度，并修复受污染的土壤，同时增加土壤有机碳的保持、水分含量，从而提高作物产量。生物炭强烈推荐作为满足旱地农业挑战的最佳管理实践之一。然而，在应用之前，应仔细考虑生物炭的特性和土壤类型。
