Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA.
Semin Immunol. 2018 Apr;36:17-27. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.12.009. Epub 2017 Dec 29.
The adaptive immune system continually faces unpredictable circumstances yet reproducibly counteracts invading pathogens while limiting damage to self. However, the system is dynamic in nature: many of its internal components are not fixed, but rather, fluctuate over time. This concept is exemplified by αβ T lymphocytes, which vary significantly from cell-to-cell in their spatiotemporal dynamics, antigen-binding receptors, and subcellular protein concentrations. How are reproducible immune functions achieved in the face of such variability? This design principle is known as robustness and requires the system to employ layered control schemes that both buffer and exploit different facets of cellular variation. In this article, we discuss these schemes and their applications to individual αβ T cell responses as well as integrated population level behaviours.
适应性免疫系统不断面临着不可预测的情况，但却能够重现地抵抗入侵的病原体，同时限制对自身的损害。然而，该系统本质上是动态的：其许多内部组件并非固定不变，而是随时间而波动。αβ T 淋巴细胞就是一个很好的例子，它们在时空动力学、抗原结合受体和亚细胞蛋白浓度方面存在显著的细胞间差异。在面对如此大的可变性时，如何实现可重现的免疫功能？这种设计原则被称为鲁棒性，它要求系统采用分层控制方案，缓冲和利用细胞变异的不同方面。在本文中，我们将讨论这些方案及其在个体αβ T 细胞反应以及整合的群体水平行为中的应用。
