Kahn Ralph A, Berkoff Tim A, Brock Charles, Chen Gao, Ferrare Richard A, Ghan Steven, Hansico Thomas F, Hegg Dean A, Martins J Vanderlei, McNaughton Cameron S, Murphy Daniel M, Ogren John A, Penner Joyce E, Pilewskie Peter, Seinfeld John H, Worsnop Douglas R
Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23681.
Bull Am Meteorol Soc. 2017 Oct;98(No 10):2215-2228. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0003.1. Epub 2017 Oct 30.
A modest program of systematic aircraft measurements can resolve key satellite-aerosol-data-record limitations. Satellite observations provide frequent, global aerosol-amount maps, but offer only loose aerosol property constraints needed for climate and air quality applications. We define and illustrate the feasibility of flying an aircraft payload to measure key aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical properties . The flight program could characterize major aerosol air-mass types statistically, at a level-of-detail unobtainable from space. It would: (1) enhance satellite aerosol retrieval products with better climatology assumptions, and (2) improve translation between satellite-retrieved optical properties and species-specific aerosol mass and size simulated in climate models to assess aerosol forcing, its anthropogenic components, and other environmental impacts. As such, Systematic Aircraft Measurements to Characterize Aerosol Air Masses (SAM-CAAM) could , , and contribute to future satellite aerosol missions. Fifteen Required Variables are identified, and four Payload Options of increasing ambition are defined, to constrain these quantities. "Option C" could meet all the SAM-CAAM objectives with about 20 instruments, most of which have flown before, but never routinely several times per week, and never as a group. Aircraft integration, and approaches to data handling, payload support, and logistical considerations for a long-term, operational mission are discussed. SAM-CAAM is feasible because, , even if aerosol loading varies.
适度的飞机系统测量计划可以解决关键的卫星气溶胶数据记录限制问题。卫星观测提供了频繁的全球气溶剂量地图，但对于气候和空气质量应用所需的气溶胶特性仅提供了宽松的限制。我们定义并说明了搭载飞机载荷测量关键气溶胶光学、微物理和化学特性的可行性。该飞行计划可以从统计学上对主要气溶胶气团类型进行特征描述，其详细程度是从太空无法获得的。它将：（1）通过更好的气候学假设来增强卫星气溶胶反演产品，以及（2）改善卫星反演的光学特性与气候模型中模拟的特定物种气溶胶质量和尺寸之间的转换，以评估气溶胶强迫、其人为成分以及其他环境影响。因此，用于表征气溶胶气团的系统飞机测量（SAM-CAAM）可以……并为未来的卫星气溶胶任务做出贡献。确定了15个所需变量，并定义了四个雄心勃勃程度不断增加的载荷选项，以约束这些量。“选项C”可以用大约20种仪器满足所有SAM-CAAM目标，其中大多数仪器以前已经飞行过，但从未每周例行飞行几次，也从未作为一个组合飞行过。讨论了飞机集成以及长期运行任务的数据处理、载荷支持和后勤考虑方法。SAM-CAAM是可行的，因为……即使气溶胶负荷有所变化。
