Unidad de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Genética y Biología Molecular, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia; Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jun 1;625:589-599. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.283. Epub 2017 Dec 30.
Continuous exposure to coal mining particles can cause a variety of lung diseases. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of exposure to detailed characterized coal and coal fly ash (CFA) particles on DNA, lung and extrapulmonary tissues. Coal samples (COAL11 and COAL16) and CFA samples (CFA11 and CFA16) were included in this study. Intending to enhance the combustion process COAL16 was co-fired with a mixture of fuel oil and diesel oil, producing CFA16. Male BALB/c mice were intratracheally instilled with coal and CFA particles. Measurements were done 24h later. Results showed significant rigidity and obstruction of the central airways only for animals acutely exposed to coal particles. The COAL16 group also showed obstruction of the peripheral airways. Mononuclear cells were recruited in all treatment groups and expression of cytokines, particularly TNF-α and IL-1β, was observed. Only animals exposed to COAL16 showed a significant expression of IL-6 and recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells. DNA damage was demonstrated by Comet assay for all groups. Cr, Fe and Ni were detected in liver, spleen and brain, showing the efficient translocation of metals from the bloodstream to extrapulmonary organs. These effects were associated with particle composition (oxides, hydroxides, phosphates, sulfides, sulphates, silciates, organic-metalic compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hidrocarbons) rather than their size. This work provides state of knowledge on the effects of acute exposure to coal and CFA particles on respiratory mechanics, DNA damage, translocation of metals to other organs and related inflammatory processes.
持续暴露于煤矿粉尘可引起多种肺部疾病。本研究旨在评估暴露于详细特征化的煤和煤飞灰（CFA）颗粒对 DNA、肺和肺外组织的影响。本研究纳入了煤样品（COAL11 和 COAL16）和 CFA 样品（CFA11 和 CFA16）。为了增强燃烧过程，COAL16 与燃料油和柴油的混合物共燃，产生 CFA16。雄性 BALB/c 小鼠经气管内滴注煤和 CFA 颗粒。24 小时后进行测量。结果表明，仅急性暴露于煤颗粒的动物出现中央气道明显僵硬和阻塞。COAL16 组还显示外周气道阻塞。所有治疗组均有单核细胞募集，并观察到细胞因子，特别是 TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的表达。仅暴露于 COAL16 的动物表现出 IL-6 的显著表达和多形核细胞的募集。彗星试验显示所有组均有 DNA 损伤。在肝、脾和脑中检测到 Cr、Fe 和 Ni，表明金属从血液向肺外器官的有效转移。这些效应与颗粒组成（氧化物、氢氧化物、磷酸盐、硫化物、硫酸盐、硅酸盐、有机金属化合物和多环芳烃）有关，而与颗粒大小无关。本研究提供了关于急性暴露于煤和 CFA 颗粒对呼吸力学、DNA 损伤、金属向其他器官转移以及相关炎症过程的影响的最新知识。
