Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Bangladesh Planning Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Jan;36(1-2):663-690. doi: 10.1177/0886260517730029. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is known to have multiple detrimental consequences for the woman and potentially for her unborn child. However, little is known about the nature and extent of IPV during pregnancy, particularly in developing countries, which compromises efforts to address the problem. Relying on population-based data, this article examines the extent, patterns, and correlates associated with physical, sexual, and psychological IPV during pregnancy in Bangladesh. Cross-sectional survey data were collected between October 2015 and January 2016 from 426 new mothers, aged 15 to 49 years, who were in the first 6 months postpartum. IPV was assessed with a validated set of survey items. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate correlates associated with different types of IPV. Overall, 66.4% of women experienced any IPV during pregnancy. The prevalence of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV was 35.2%, 18.5%, and 65%, respectively. These forms of IPV often overlap, particularly physical and psychological IPV. Pregnant women who report limited social support and have controlling husbands are at significantly increased risk for all three types of IPV during pregnancy. Women who cling to traditional gender roles and those with low self-esteem exhibit increased risk for physical and psychological IPV during pregnancy. Psychological IPV during pregnancy is also correlated with low decision-making autonomy and childhood exposure to violence. Women whose husband's demand a dowry at marriage are at increased risk of sexual IPV during pregnancy. Results reinforce the need to conduct routine screening during pregnancy to identify women with a history of IPV and to be able to offer help and support. The findings also reinforce calls for gender equity and women's equal access to family and social resources thereby increasing women's social support networks, their self-esteem, and autonomy, and reducing their risk of IPV during pregnancy.
怀孕期间的亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）已知对妇女及其潜在未出生的孩子有多种不利影响。然而，对于怀孕期间 IPV 的性质和程度知之甚少，特别是在发展中国家，这影响了对该问题的解决。本文依赖基于人群的数据，检查了孟加拉国怀孕期间身体、性和心理 IPV 的程度、模式和相关性。横断面调查数据于 2015 年 10 月至 2016 年 1 月期间从 426 名年龄在 15 至 49 岁之间的新母亲中收集，她们处于产后的前 6 个月。使用一套经过验证的调查项目评估 IPV。进行多变量逻辑回归分析，以评估与不同类型 IPV 相关的相关性。总体而言，66.4%的女性在怀孕期间经历过任何形式的 IPV。身体、性和心理 IPV 的患病率分别为 35.2%、18.5%和 65%。这些形式的 IPV 经常重叠，特别是身体和心理 IPV。报告社会支持有限和有控制欲的丈夫的孕妇患所有三种类型的 IPV 的风险显著增加。坚持传统性别角色和自尊心低的孕妇在怀孕期间发生身体和心理 IPV 的风险增加。怀孕期间的心理 IPV 也与决策自主权低和童年时期遭受暴力有关。在婚姻中丈夫要求彩礼的妇女在怀孕期间发生性 IPV 的风险增加。结果强调需要在怀孕期间进行常规筛查，以确定有 IPV 史的妇女，并能够提供帮助和支持。这些发现还强调需要性别平等和妇女平等获得家庭和社会资源，从而增加妇女的社会支持网络、自尊心和自主权，降低怀孕期间发生 IPV 的风险。
