Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Bangladesh Planning Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Apr;36(7-8):3584-3612. doi: 10.1177/0886260518775753. Epub 2018 May 23.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant or postpartum women is known to have multiple detrimental effects on women and their children. Although results from past research suggest much continuity in trajectories of IPV, it is unclear whether pregnancy interrupts or augments these patterns. Little is known about how physical, sexual, and psychological IPV change and overlap throughout a woman's transition to parenthood. Relying on population-based data, this study examines the prevalence, co-occurring nature, and the changing patterns of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV before, during, and after pregnancy in Bangladesh. Cross-sectional survey data were collected between October 2015 and January 2016 in the Chandpur District of Bangladesh from 426 new mothers, aged 15 to 49 years, who were in the first 6 months postpartum. IPV was assessed with a validated set of survey items. The frequencies of different types of IPV victimization according to the period of occurrence were calculated separately and in a cumulative, co-occurring manner. The prevalence of physical IPV before, during, and after pregnancy was 52.8%, 35.2%, and 32.2%, respectively. The comparative figures for psychological IPV were 67.4%, 65%, and 60.8%, and for sexual IPV were 21.1%, 18.5%, and 15.5%, respectively. The results demonstrate a notable continuity in IPV victimization before, during, and after pregnancy. Psychological IPV is the only type to exhibit a significant reduction during and after pregnancy, compared with before pregnancy, but it commonly overlaps with physical IPV, which shows a significant change during pregnancy and little change in the postpartum period. At the same time, pregnancy and childbirth offer little protection against IPV for women in relationships characterized by psychological or sexual victimization, both of which commonly overlap with physical IPV. Results reinforce the need to conduct routine screening during pregnancy to identify women with a history of IPV and to offer necessary help and support.
亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）对孕妇或产后妇女的危害众所周知，会对妇女及其子女造成多种不利影响。尽管过去的研究结果表明 IPV 的轨迹具有很大的连续性，但尚不清楚怀孕是否会中断或加剧这些模式。人们对身体、性和心理 IPV 在女性向为人父母的过渡过程中如何变化和重叠知之甚少。本研究基于基于人群的数据，探讨了在孟加拉国，怀孕前、怀孕期间和产后期间身体、性和心理 IPV 的流行率、共同发生性质和变化模式。横断面调查数据于 2015 年 10 月至 2016 年 1 月在孟加拉国 Chandpur 区从 426 名年龄在 15 至 49 岁之间的新产妇中收集。使用经过验证的一套调查项目评估 IPV。根据发生期别分别计算不同类型的 IPV 受害频率，并以累积、共同发生的方式计算。怀孕前、期间和之后身体 IPV 的流行率分别为 52.8%、35.2%和 32.2%。相应的心理 IPV 的流行率为 67.4%、65%和 60.8%，性 IPV 的流行率为 21.1%、18.5%和 15.5%。结果表明，怀孕前、期间和之后的 IPV 受害情况明显具有连续性。与怀孕前相比，只有心理 IPV 在怀孕期间和之后显著减少，但它通常与身体 IPV 重叠，后者在怀孕期间发生显著变化，产后变化不大。与此同时，怀孕和分娩对处于心理或性受害关系中的妇女几乎没有提供保护，这两种关系都与身体 IPV 重叠。研究结果强调了在怀孕期间进行常规筛查的必要性，以确定有 IPV 史的妇女，并为她们提供必要的帮助和支持。
