孟加拉国农村地区母婴暴力的流行情况、相关因素和披露情况。
Prevalence, associated factors, and disclosure of intimate partner violence among mothers in rural Bangladesh.
机构信息
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Room E-8153, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
K'ima:w Medical Center, 535 Airport Rd., Hoopa, CA, 95546, USA.
出版信息
J Health Popul Nutr. 2020 Dec 7;39(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s41043-020-00223-w.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) among married women of reproductive age in a rural population in northeast Bangladesh. In addition, we examined women's sharing and disclosure of violence experience with others.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study uses data from a household survey of 3966 women conducted in 2014 in the Sylhet District of Bangladesh. Interviews were completed in respondent's homes by trained local female interviewers.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine percent (28.8%, 95% CI 27.4-30.3%) of the women reported ever experiencing physical or sexual IPV by their spouse; 13.2% (95% CI 12.1-14.3%) reported physical or sexual IPV in the past year. Of the 13.2%, 10.1% (95% CI 9.2-11.1%) reported experiencing physical IPV and 4.6% (95% CI 4.0-5.3%) reported sexual IPV. In a combined model, the adjusted odds of having experienced physical or sexual IPV in the past year were higher for women who were raised in households with history of IPV (AOR = 4.35, 95% CI 3.26-5.80); women with no formal education (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.30-2.37); women whose husbands had no formal education (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.22-2.17); Muslim (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.03-2.57); women younger than age 30 (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.11-2.12); and women who were members of an NGO or microcredit financial organization (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.04-1.82). Wealth, parity, number of household members, and pregnancy status (pregnant, postpartum, neither pregnant nor postpartum) were not associated with physical or sexual IPV after adjusting for other factors. Data on disclosure was available for women who reported experiencing physical violence in the last year; only 31.8% of victims told someone about the violence they had experienced and 1% reported to police, clerics, health workers, or a counselor altogether.
CONCLUSIONS
In rural northeast Bangladesh, a high proportion of women of reproductive age experience physical or sexual IPV. Women do not often speak of these experiences, especially to anyone outside of family. Interventions aimed at preventing future IPV and addressing current IPV should focus on women who witnessed IPV in childhood, as well as younger women and less educated couples.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study was registered as a Clinical Trial (Identifier: NCT01702402). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01702402.
背景
本研究旨在评估孟加拉国东北部农村地区育龄已婚妇女中身体和性亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的流行情况及相关因素。此外，我们还研究了妇女与他人分享和披露暴力经历的情况。
方法
本横断面研究使用了 2014 年在孟加拉国锡尔赫特区进行的一项针对 3966 名妇女的家庭调查的数据。由受过培训的当地女性访谈员在受访者家中完成访谈。
结果
29%（95%CI 27.4-30.3%）的妇女报告曾遭受过配偶的身体或性 IPV；13.2%（95%CI 12.1-14.3%）报告在过去一年中遭受过身体或性 IPV。在这 13.2%的人中，10.1%（95%CI 9.2-11.1%）报告遭受过身体 IPV，4.6%（95%CI 4.0-5.3%）报告遭受过性 IPV。在综合模型中，过去一年经历过身体或性 IPV 的妇女，其调整后的优势比更高，包括：在有 IPV 史家庭中长大的妇女（AOR=4.35，95%CI 3.26-5.80）；没有正规教育的妇女（AOR=1.76，95%CI 1.30-2.37）；丈夫没有正规教育的妇女（AOR=1.63，95%CI 1.22-2.17）；穆斯林妇女（AOR=1.63，95%CI 1.03-2.57）；年龄小于 30 岁的妇女（AOR=1.53，95%CI 1.11-2.12）；以及参加非政府组织或小额信贷金融组织的妇女（AOR=1.38，95%CI 1.04-1.82）。在调整其他因素后，财富、生育次数、家庭人数和妊娠状况（怀孕、产后、既不怀孕也不产后）与身体或性 IPV 无关。只有 31.8%的受害者向他人报告了她们所经历的暴力，1%的受害者向警方、神职人员、卫生工作者或顾问报告了暴力事件。
结论
在孟加拉国东北部农村地区，相当比例的育龄妇女经历过身体或性 IPV。妇女通常不会谈论这些经历，尤其是不会与家庭以外的人谈论。旨在预防未来 IPV 和解决当前 IPV 的干预措施应关注在童年时期目睹过 IPV 的妇女，以及年轻妇女和受教育程度较低的夫妇。
试验注册
本研究已作为临床试验注册（标识符：NCT01702402）。https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01702402。
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