School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2022 Jul;23(3):795-809. doi: 10.1177/1524838020977146. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
Victim blame, particularly in cases of acquaintance rape, presents an obstacle to criminal justice. Past research indicates that acquaintance rape results in more blame than stranger rape. However, there are inconsistencies in these findings (e.g., whether there is a linear relationship between victim blame and relationship closeness), partly due to methodological variation.
To examine the effect of victim-perpetrator relationship on victim blame, how this effect is impacted by rape myth acceptance (RMA) and ambivalent sexism (AS), and to establish what the methodological quality is of studies.
Studies were synthesized through a multilevel meta-analysis using the Metafor package in R (version 2.4-0), synthesizing findings from 47 individual studies. Studies compared victim blame between stranger and acquaintance rape, in isolation or in conjunction with RMA and AS, and were identified through a database search.
The review found higher levels of blame in acquaintance as compared to stranger rape, with a medium effect size. This effect was not moderated by RMA. AS was not included as a moderator in the meta-analysis, but the review indicated that benevolent sexism may be a particularly relevant variable.
Future research should examine the relationship between AS and victim blame. The current review contributes to the evidence base on victim blame in rape cases by suggesting that methodological limitations can account for some of the past mixed findings in this area, particularly in a lack of consistency in vignette details. It is recommended that future sexual assault research uses rigorous methodology and increases transparency of research processes.
在熟人强奸案中，受害者受到指责是刑事司法的一个障碍。过去的研究表明，熟人强奸比陌生人强奸受到的指责更多。然而，这些发现存在不一致之处（例如，受害者受到的指责与受害者与施害者的关系亲密程度之间是否存在线性关系），部分原因是方法学的差异。
探讨受害者与施害者的关系对受害者指责的影响，强奸谬论接受（RMA）和矛盾性别观（AS）如何影响这种影响，并确定研究的方法质量。
通过使用 R（版本 2.4-0）中的 Metafor 包进行多层次元分析，对 47 项独立研究的结果进行综合分析。研究通过数据库搜索，比较了陌生人强奸和熟人强奸之间的受害者指责情况，单独或与 RMA 和 AS 一起比较。
综述发现，熟人强奸比陌生人强奸受到的指责更高，效应量中等。这种影响不受 RMA 的调节。AS 没有被纳入元分析的调节因素，但综述表明，仁慈性别观可能是一个特别相关的变量。
未来的研究应该检验 AS 与受害者指责之间的关系。本综述通过表明方法学上的限制可以解释该领域过去一些混合发现的部分原因，特别是在案例细节缺乏一致性方面，为强奸案件中受害者指责的证据基础做出了贡献。建议未来的性侵犯研究使用严格的方法，并提高研究过程的透明度。
