Voronova A D, Stepanova O V, Chadin A V, Reshetov I V, Chekhonin V P
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2016;71(6):420-6. doi: 10.15690/vramn731.
The opportunities and the most promising ways of using cellular technology in traumatic spinal cord injury are considered in this review. A large number of experimental and clinical studies with the use of different types of cells: embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, Schwann cells, olfactory mucosa cells, and others – was conducted. The use of these types of cells in traumatic spinal cord injury treatment often demonstrated a positive therapeutic effect: the motor and sensory function recovery of the spinal cord. However, some types of cell preparations involve some methodological and ethical problems; some types of cell therapies are ineffective or give rise to side effects. These factors complicate the selection of optimal cell therapy for the traumatic spinal cord injury treatment. The most promising cells seem to be the cells of the olfactory mucosa. Getting the olfactory mucosa is considered to be a feasible and safe procedure for patients. The clinical application of the cells of the olfactory mucosa is effective in motor function recovery due to remyelination and axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. These cells are tissue-specific and autologous since they can be obtained from a patient with spinal cord injury, and after cultivation, expansion, and directed differentiation they can be transplanted to the same patient. The presented benefits of olfactory mucosa cells open up the possibility for its clinical application in the cell therapy.
本综述探讨了细胞技术在创伤性脊髓损伤中的应用机会及最具前景的应用方式。开展了大量使用不同类型细胞的实验和临床研究，这些细胞包括胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞、间充质干细胞、施万细胞、嗅黏膜细胞等。在创伤性脊髓损伤治疗中使用这些类型的细胞，常常显示出积极的治疗效果，即脊髓运动和感觉功能的恢复。然而，某些类型的细胞制剂存在一些方法学和伦理问题；某些类型的细胞疗法无效或会产生副作用。这些因素使得为创伤性脊髓损伤治疗选择最佳细胞疗法变得复杂。最具前景的细胞似乎是嗅黏膜细胞。对于患者而言，获取嗅黏膜被认为是一种可行且安全的操作。嗅黏膜细胞的临床应用可通过脊髓损伤后的髓鞘再生和轴突再生有效促进运动功能恢复。这些细胞具有组织特异性且是自体来源，因为它们可从脊髓损伤患者获取，经过培养、扩增和定向分化后可移植回同一患者体内。嗅黏膜细胞所呈现的这些优势为其在细胞治疗中的临床应用开辟了可能性。
