Hu Qi-Di, Xu Ling-Li, Gong Yan, Wu Guo-Hai, Wang Yu-Wen, Wu Shan-Jun, Zhang Zhe, Mao Wei, Zhou Yu-Sheng, Li Qin-Bo, Yuan Jian-Shu
a Department of Ophthalmology , Ophthalmology Hospital of Ningbo , Ningbo , People's Republic of China.
Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2018 Sep;37(3):233-239. doi: 10.1080/15569527.2018.1423620. Epub 2018 Jan 19.
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a classical hallucinogen, was used as a popular and notorious substance of abuse in various parts of the world. Its abuse could result in long-lasting abnormalities in retina and little is known about the exact mechanism. This study was to investigate the effect of LSD on macrophage activation state at non-toxic concentration and its resultant toxicity to photoreceptor cells. Results showed that cytotoxicity was caused by LSD on 661 W cells after co-culturing with RAW264.7 cells. Treatment with LSD-induced RAW264.7 cells to the M1 phenotype, releasing more pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the M1-related gene expression. Moreover, after co-culturing with RAW264.7 cells, significant oxidative stress in 661 W cells treated with LSD was observed, by increasing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Our study demonstrated that LSD caused photoreceptor cell damage by inducing inflammatory response and resultant oxidative stress, providing the scientific rationale for the toxicity of LSD to retina.
麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）是一种经典的致幻剂，在世界各国都是一种既流行又臭名昭著的滥用物质。其滥用会导致视网膜出现长期异常，而确切机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨LSD在无毒浓度下对巨噬细胞活化状态的影响及其对光感受器细胞的毒性作用。结果显示，与RAW264.7细胞共培养后，LSD对661W细胞产生了细胞毒性。LSD处理使RAW264.7细胞诱导为M1表型，释放更多促炎细胞因子，并增加M1相关基因表达。此外，与RAW264.7细胞共培养后，观察到LSD处理的661W细胞出现明显的氧化应激，表现为丙二醛（MDA）和活性氧（ROS）水平升高，谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性降低。我们的研究表明，LSD通过诱导炎症反应和由此产生的氧化应激导致光感受器细胞损伤，为LSD对视网膜的毒性提供了科学依据。
