Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-201, RJ, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jul 25;23(15):8182. doi: 10.3390/ijms23158182.
Vision is an important sense for humans, and visual impairment/blindness has a huge impact in daily life. The retina is a nervous tissue that is essential for visual processing since it possesses light sensors (photoreceptors) and performs a pre-processing of visual information. Thus, retinal cell dysfunction or degeneration affects visual ability and several general aspects of the day-to-day of a person's lives. The retina has a blood-retinal barrier, which protects the tissue from a wide range of molecules or microorganisms. However, several agents, coming from systemic pathways, reach the retina and influence its function and survival. Pesticides are still used worldwide for agriculture, contaminating food with substances that could reach the retina. Natural products have also been used for therapeutic purposes and are another group of substances that can get to the retina. Finally, a wide number of medicines administered for different diseases can also affect the retina. The present review aimed to gather recent information about the hazard of these products to the retina, which could be used to encourage the search for more healthy, suitable, or less risky agents.
视觉对于人类来说非常重要，视力损伤/失明会对日常生活产生巨大影响。视网膜是一种神经组织，对于视觉处理至关重要，因为它拥有光传感器（感光器），并对视觉信息进行预处理。因此，视网膜细胞功能障碍或变性会影响视觉能力和一个人的日常生活的各个方面。视网膜具有血视网膜屏障，可保护组织免受多种分子或微生物的侵害。然而，有许多来自全身途径的物质可以到达视网膜并影响其功能和存活。农药仍在全世界范围内用于农业，这些物质会污染食物，进入人体后可能到达视网膜。天然产物也被用于治疗目的，它们是另一组可以到达视网膜的物质。最后，用于治疗不同疾病的大量药物也可能会影响视网膜。本综述旨在收集有关这些物质对视网膜危害的最新信息，这可以用来鼓励寻找更健康、更合适或风险更小的物质。
