-AC-l-Leu-PEI-mediated miR-34a delivery improves osteogenic differentiation under orthodontic force.

Rare therapeutic genes or agents are reported to control orthodontic bone remodeling. MicroRNAs have recently been associated with bone metabolism. Here, we report the and effects of miR-34a on osteogenic differentiation under orthodontic force using an -acetyl-L-leucine-modified polyethylenimine (-Ac-l-Leu-PEI) carrier. -Ac-l-Leu-PEI exhibited low cytotoxicity and high miR-34a transfection efficiency in rat bone mineral stem cells and local alveolar bone tissue. After transfection, miR-34a enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of and , Runx2 and ColI protein levels, and early osteogenesis function under orthodontic strain . MiR-34a also enhanced alveolar bone remodeling under orthodontic force , as evidenced by elevated gene and protein expression, upregulated indices of alveolar bone anabolism, and diminished tooth movement. We determined that the mechanism miR-34a in osteogenesis under orthodontic force may be associated with GSK-3β. These results suggested that miR-34a delivered by -Ac-l-Leu-PEI could be a potential therapeutic target for orthodontic treatment.