Wu Qinghua, Wang Xu, Nepovimova Eugenie, Wang Yun, Yang Hualin, Li Li, Zhang Xiujuan, Kuca Kamil
College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic.
Oncotarget. 2017 Nov 30;8(66):110708-110726. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.22800. eCollection 2017 Dec 15.
Trichothecenes are a group of mycotoxins mainly produced by fungi of genus . Due to high toxicity and widespread dissemination, T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are considered to be the most important compounds of this class. Trichothecenes generate free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce lipid peroxidation, decrease levels of antioxidant enzymes, and ultimately lead to apoptosis. Consequently, oxidative stress is an active area of research on the toxic mechanisms of trichothecenes, and identification of antioxidant agents that could be used against trichothecenes is crucial for human health. Numerous natural compounds have been analyzed and have shown to function very effectively as antioxidants against trichothecenes. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress induced by these compounds, and discuss current knowledge regarding such antioxidant agents as vitamins, quercetin, selenium, glucomannan, nucleotides, antimicrobial peptides, bacteria, polyunsaturated fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and plant extracts. These products inhibit trichothecene-induced oxidative stress by (1) inhibiting ROS generation and induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation; (2) increasing antioxidant enzyme activity; (3) blocking the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways; (4) inhibiting caspase activity and apoptosis; (5) protecting mitochondria; and (6) regulating anti-inflammatory actions. Finally, we summarize some decontamination methods, including bacterial and yeast biotransformation and degradation, as well as mycotoxin-binding agents. This review provides a comprehensive overview of antioxidant agents against trichothecenes and casts new light on the attenuation of oxidative stress.
单端孢霉烯族毒素是一类主要由 属真菌产生的霉菌毒素。由于其高毒性和广泛传播，T-2毒素和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）被认为是该类中最重要的化合物。单端孢霉烯族毒素会产生自由基，包括活性氧（ROS），这些自由基会诱导脂质过氧化，降低抗氧化酶水平，并最终导致细胞凋亡。因此，氧化应激是单端孢霉烯族毒素毒性机制研究的一个活跃领域，鉴定可用于对抗单端孢霉烯族毒素的抗氧化剂对人类健康至关重要。许多天然化合物已被分析，并且已证明作为对抗单端孢霉烯族毒素的抗氧化剂能非常有效地发挥作用。在本综述中，我们总结了这些化合物诱导氧化应激的分子机制，并讨论了关于维生素、槲皮素、硒、葡甘露聚糖、核苷酸、抗菌肽、细菌、多不饱和脂肪酸、寡糖和植物提取物等抗氧化剂的现有知识。这些产品通过以下方式抑制单端孢霉烯族毒素诱导的氧化应激：（1）抑制ROS生成以及诱导的DNA损伤和脂质过氧化；（2）提高抗氧化酶活性；（3）阻断丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）和核因子κB（NF-κB）信号通路；（4）抑制半胱天冬酶活性和细胞凋亡；（5）保护线粒体；以及（6）调节抗炎作用。最后，我们总结了一些去污方法，包括细菌和酵母生物转化与降解，以及霉菌毒素结合剂。本综述全面概述了对抗单端孢霉烯族毒素的抗氧化剂，并为减轻氧化应激提供了新的思路。
