Kudumija Nina, Lešić Tina, Zadravec Manuela, Vulić Ana, Pleadin Jelka
Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Laboratory for Feed Microbiology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Foods. 2025 Jun 23;14(13):2209. doi: 10.3390/foods14132209.
Maize is one of the most important agricultural crops that has been cultivated in the Republic of Croatia for centuries. mycotoxins as secondary metabolites of molds that naturally contaminate maize crops can have negative effects on human and animal health, but also on economic aspects. The aim of this study was to monitor the trend of natural occurrence of mycotoxins in maize crops from Croatia during a period of 10 years, from 2014 to 2024. A total of 1285 maize samples were analyzed for the contents of zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins B (FUM) and T-2/HT-2 toxin (T-2/HT-2) using validated ELISA methods. A high occurrence of the analyzed mycotoxins was found in all years examined, e.g., for ZEN 15-64%, DON 47-95%, FUM 60-96% and T-2/HT-2 24-89%. In addition, their concentrations ranged from 3.2-10,990 μg/kg, 18-25,000 μg/kg, 29-18,180 μg/kg and 9-595 μg/kg, respectively. The mycotoxin concentrations were found to differ from year to year, with an increasing trend observed for FUM and T-2/HT-2 in terms of concentrations and an increasing trend in the occurrence of all mycotoxins, with the exception of T-2/HT-2.
玉米是克罗地亚共和国数百年来一直种植的最重要的农作物之一。霉菌的次生代谢产物——霉菌毒素会自然污染玉米作物，这不仅会对人类和动物健康产生负面影响，还会影响经济方面。本研究的目的是监测2014年至2024年这10年间克罗地亚玉米作物中霉菌毒素的自然发生趋势。使用经过验证的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法，对总共1285个玉米样品进行了玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、伏马菌素B（FUM）和T-2/HT-2毒素（T-2/HT-2）含量的分析。在所检查的所有年份中，均发现所分析的霉菌毒素发生率很高，例如，ZEN为15%-64%，DON为47%-95%，FUM为60%-96%，T-2/HT-2为24%-89%。此外，它们的浓度分别为3.2-10990μg/kg、18-25000μg/kg、29-18180μg/kg和9-595μg/kg。发现霉菌毒素浓度逐年不同，FUM和T-2/HT-2在浓度方面呈上升趋势，除T-2/HT-2外，所有霉菌毒素的发生率均呈上升趋势。
