Kaulfuß Franziska, Reisch Christoph
Chair of Ecology and Conservation Biology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany.
Ecol Evol. 2017 Nov 15;7(24):11100-11112. doi: 10.1002/ece3.3596. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Population reintroduction is a common practice in conservation, but often fails, also due to the effects of inbreeding or outbreeding depression. is a strongly endangered plant species endemic to Bavaria in Germany, constantly declining since the late 1980s. Therefore, population reintroduction is intended. In this study, we analyzed genetic diversity within and genetic differentiation between all 32 remnant populations of the species in Swabia and Upper Bavaria using amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Our aim was to increase reintroduction success by providing data to avoid negative effects of inbreeding and outbreeding and to preserve the natural genetic pattern of the species. Genetic diversity within populations was low but similar to other rare and endemic species and varied strongly between populations but did not depend on population size. Our analysis revealed a strong geographic pattern of genetic variation. Genetic differentiation was strongest between Swabia and Upper Bavaria and at the population level, whereas differentiation between subpopulations was comparatively low. Isolation by distance and genetic differentiation was stronger among populations from Upper Bavaria than from Swabia. From the results of our study, we derived recommendations for a successful reintroduction of the species. We suggest using rather genetically variable than large populations as reintroduction sources. Moreover, the exchange of plant material between Swabia and Upper Bavaria should be completely avoided. Within these regions, plant material from genetically similar populations should preferably be used for reintroduction, whereas the exchange among subpopulations seems to be possible without a negative impact on genetic variation due to natural gene flow.
种群再引入是保护工作中的常见做法，但往往会失败，这也归因于近亲繁殖或远交衰退的影响。[该物种名称未给出]是德国巴伐利亚州特有的一种极度濒危植物物种，自20世纪80年代末以来数量持续下降。因此，计划进行种群再引入。在本研究中，我们使用扩增片段长度多态性分析了施瓦本和上巴伐利亚该物种所有32个残余种群内部的遗传多样性以及种群之间的遗传分化。我们的目标是通过提供数据来避免近亲繁殖和远交的负面影响，并保护该物种的自然遗传模式，从而提高再引入的成功率。种群内部的遗传多样性较低，但与其他珍稀和特有物种相似，种群之间差异很大，但不依赖于种群大小。我们的分析揭示了遗传变异的强烈地理模式。施瓦本和上巴伐利亚之间以及种群水平上的遗传分化最强，而亚种群之间的分化相对较低。上巴伐利亚种群之间的距离隔离和遗传分化比施瓦本种群更强。根据我们的研究结果，我们得出了该物种成功再引入的建议。我们建议使用遗传变异较大而非种群规模较大的种群作为再引入来源。此外，应完全避免施瓦本和上巴伐利亚之间的植物材料交换。在这些区域内，遗传相似种群的植物材料应优先用于再引入，而亚种群之间的交换似乎可行，不会因自然基因流动而对遗传变异产生负面影响。
