Clinical Significance of Serum Adipokines according to Body Mass Index in Patients with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy.

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of 7 circulating adipokines according to body mass index (BMI) in Korean men with localized prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Sixty-two of 65 prospectively enrolled patients with clinically localized PCa who underwent RP between 2015 and 2016 were evaluated. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to their BMI: non-obese (<25 kg/m²) and obese (≥25 kg/m²). The adipokines evaluated were interleukin-2, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), chemerin, C-X-C motif chemokine 10, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of advanced tumor stage.

RESULTS

We found that obese patients with PCa who underwent RP had a higher incidence of tumors with a high Gleason score (≥8), pathological T3 (pT3) stage, and positive extraprostatic extension than patients with a normal BMI. Additionally, patients with obesity showed significantly lower serum adiponectin and higher serum leptin levels, but did not show differences in other adipokines. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that IGF-1 (odds ratio [OR]=1.03) was identified as a predictor of advanced tumor stage (≥pT3) in the overall population. However, only leptin remained an independent predictive factor for advanced tumor stage (≥pT3) (OR=1.15) in patients with obesity.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, our results indicate that a higher leptin level in obese men can be considered a risk factor for aggressive PCa. This prospective study provides greater insight into the role of circulating adipokines in Korean patients with PCa undergoing RP, particularly in patients with obesity.