Hannallah R S, Patel R I
Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital National Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
Anesthesiology. 1989 Apr;70(4):598-600. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198904000-00007.
The authors sought to determine whether intramuscular ketamine (2 mg/kg) would facilitate inhaled induction of anesthesia in those children who are uncooperative. Thirty-five children were anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide for insertion of tympanotomy tubes. Twenty of those children were deemed by the anesthesiologist to be uncooperative and received 2 mg/kg of ketamine im prior to induction of anesthesia. The onset time (time from ketamine administration until induction of inhaled anesthesia could be started) was 2.7 +/- 0.3 min. The quality of the subsequent acceptance of inhaled induction with halothane was excellent in 61% of the patients and adequate in the remaining 39%. The recovery and discharge times were compared with those observed in 15 matched children who accepted induction of anesthesia via a mask without the use of ketamine. Recovery time was not prolonged, but home discharge was delayed by an average of 13 min in the ketamine group (P less than 0.04). Low-dose im ketamine was found to be an acceptable pre-induction drug in young children who are uncooperative for an inhaled induction of anesthesia.
作者试图确定肌肉注射氯胺酮（2毫克/千克）是否会促进那些不合作儿童的吸入诱导麻醉。35名儿童接受氟烷和一氧化二氮麻醉以插入鼓室切开术导管。其中20名儿童被麻醉师认为不合作，并在麻醉诱导前接受2毫克/千克氯胺酮肌肉注射。起效时间（从给予氯胺酮到可以开始吸入麻醉诱导的时间）为2.7±0.3分钟。随后61%的患者对氟烷吸入诱导的接受质量极佳，其余39%的患者接受质量尚可。将恢复和出院时间与15名匹配的通过面罩接受麻醉诱导且未使用氯胺酮的儿童进行比较。氯胺酮组的恢复时间未延长，但平均出院时间延迟了13分钟（P<0.04）。低剂量肌肉注射氯胺酮被发现是那些不合作接受吸入诱导麻醉的幼儿可接受的诱导前药物。
