Theis Verena, Theiss Carsten
Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2018;19(6):589-597. doi: 10.2174/1389203719666180104113937.
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a homodimeric disulfide bound glycoprotein that promotes endothelial growth, accompanied by higher vascular permeability, and therefore represents an important factor for angiogenesis and vascularization. In addition, VEGF also has a neurotrophic and neuroprotective impact on glial and neuronal cells within the CNS and PNS. Recently, we have shown that VEGF increases somato- and dendritogenesis in neonatal, but not in mature CNS neurons [1], and leads to axonal growth cone guidance during embryonic development of the PNS [2, 3]. We assume that microRNAs are involved in the neuronal plasticity by altering expression patterns of corresponding VEGF receptors [4]. Therefore, this review focuses on microRNAs and their impact on the regulation of neuronal development at the posttranscriptional level within the CNS and PNS. Besides this, recent data about the regenerative impact of VEGF in the CNS and PNS are discussed, with a close look at the expression of VEGF and its corresponding miRNAs in these neuronal structures.
血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）是一种通过二硫键结合的同型二聚体糖蛋白，可促进内皮生长，并伴有较高的血管通透性，因此是血管生成和血管化的重要因子。此外，VEGF对中枢神经系统（CNS）和外周神经系统（PNS）中的神经胶质细胞和神经元细胞也具有神经营养和神经保护作用。最近，我们发现VEGF可促进新生中枢神经系统神经元的体细胞和树突生成，但对成熟神经元无此作用[1]，并且在周围神经系统的胚胎发育过程中可引导轴突生长锥[2,3]。我们推测，微小RNA通过改变相应VEGF受体的表达模式参与神经元可塑性[4]。因此，本综述重点关注微小RNA及其在中枢神经系统和外周神经系统转录后水平对神经元发育调控的影响。除此之外，还讨论了有关VEGF在中枢神经系统和外周神经系统中的再生作用的最新数据，并仔细研究了这些神经元结构中VEGF及其相应微小RNA的表达情况。
