Klimek Ludger, Gröger Moritz, Becker Sven
Laryngorhinootologie. 2018 Jan;97(1):56-69. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-121086. Epub 2018 Jan 4.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects ca. 20% of the population. Approximately one third of patients affected by AR are suffering from perennial rhinitis due to mite allergy. Perennial rhinitis is the form of the disease that is most frequently associated with other allergy-related comorbidities such as asthma and atopic dermatitis, sleep disorders, chronic sinusitis, eustachian tube dysfunction and others.The often non-specific symptoms and the insidious course may lead to misinterpretations in diagnosing the disease.Therapeutic options include allergen avoidance with regard to environmental measures, encasings and personal actions. Drug therapy in mite-AR consists mainly in the administration of mast cell stabilizers, H1-antihistamines, glucocorticosteroids (GCS), leukotriene receptor antagonists and decongestants. It is particularly important to ensure a good antiinflammatory activity. Thus, a combination of H1-antihistamine and topical nasal GCS seems to be a rational approach. The only causal treatment form besides allergen avoidance is allergen-specific immunotherapy 1.
变应性鼻炎（AR）影响约20%的人口。受AR影响的患者中约三分之一患有因螨过敏引起的常年性鼻炎。常年性鼻炎是该疾病最常与其他过敏相关合并症（如哮喘、特应性皮炎、睡眠障碍、慢性鼻窦炎、咽鼓管功能障碍等）相关的形式。其通常非特异性的症状和隐匿的病程可能导致疾病诊断中的误解。治疗选择包括针对环境措施、防护套和个人行为的变应原回避。螨性AR的药物治疗主要包括给予肥大细胞稳定剂、H1抗组胺药、糖皮质激素（GCS）、白三烯受体拮抗剂和解充血剂。确保良好的抗炎活性尤为重要。因此，H1抗组胺药和局部鼻用GCS的联合似乎是一种合理的方法。除变应原回避外，唯一的病因治疗形式是变应原特异性免疫疗法1。
