Schwerdtle Patricia, Bowen Kathryn, McMichael Celia
Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Peninsula Campus, McMahons Road, Frankston, VIC, 3199, Australia.
Médecins Sans Frontières, Glebe, Australia.
BMC Med. 2017 Dec 11;16(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12916-017-0981-7.
Changes in climate, in conjunction with other drivers of mobility, shape human migration. While there is an increasing focus on the adaptive potential of migration, the health impacts of climate-related migration, including planned relocation and forced displacement, have not been thoroughly examined. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated that migration is currently, and will increasingly be, influenced by environmental degradation and climate change, and that it needs to be addressed in a focused and coordinated manner.
This paper examines the links between climate change, migration, and health, considering diverse migration responses, including immobility, forced displacement and planned migration, as well as the associated health risks and opportunities in different contexts. Using case studies, the paper illustrates strategies to reduce the health risks associated with climate change-related migration.
While there is an increasing body of research examining the climate change-migration nexus, a dual approach is now required. This approach must include debate and further research regarding the health consequences and responses associated with climate migration as well as immediate strengthening of health systems to make them both climate resilient and migrant inclusive.
气候变化与其他人口流动驱动因素共同塑造着人类迁徙。虽然人们越来越关注迁徙的适应潜力，但与气候相关的迁徙（包括有计划的重新安置和被迫流离失所）对健康的影响尚未得到充分研究。政府间气候变化专门委员会指出，目前及未来，迁徙将越来越受到环境退化和气候变化的影响，需要以重点突出且协调一致的方式加以应对。
本文探讨气候变化、迁徙与健康之间的联系，考虑了多种迁徙应对方式，包括不迁移、被迫流离失所和有计划的迁徙，以及不同背景下相关的健康风险和机遇。本文通过案例研究，阐述了降低与气候相关迁徙所带来的健康风险的策略。
虽然研究气候变化与迁徙之间联系的文献越来越多，但现在需要采取双重方法。这种方法必须包括关于气候迁徙对健康的影响及应对措施的辩论和进一步研究，以及立即加强卫生系统，使其既能适应气候变化又能包容迁徙者。
