纳米颗粒掺杂对合成水和天然水中氧化铜纳米颗粒胶体稳定性和毒性的影响。
Influence of nanoparticle doping on the colloidal stability and toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in synthetic and natural waters.
机构信息
Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, California 93106-5131, United States; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, California United States.
Foundation Institute of Materials Science (IWT), Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Santa Barbara, California United States.
出版信息
Water Res. 2018 Apr 1;132:12-22. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.069. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are often doped with other elements to improve their functionality and, at times, physical and/or chemical stability. However, the effect of doping on the environmental implications of NPs is not well-understood. We investigated the colloidal stability and effects of CuO NPs doped with Fe (0-10%). Colloidal stability of the Fe-doped CuO NPs in aqueous media, as determined by critical coagulation concentrations of NaCl, decreased with increased Fe-doping. However, decrease in the overall particle density led to slower sedimentation of Fe-doped CuO NPs than would have been predicted from their aggregation behavior. Fe-doping significantly affected CuO dissolution (p < .001), promoting Cu leaching out from the doped NPs due to increased reactivity at neutral pH and increased surface area with Fe-doping. Fe-doping did not increase the toxicity of CuO to a marine phytoplankton, Isochrysis galbana, despite promoting ionic Cu release. Total suspended Cu was dominated by dissolved Cu complexes in seawater and particulate Cu in freshwater. Based on the abundance of different size fractions analyzed in freshwater, the particles detected in water suspension were mostly (≥50%) larger than 200 nm in diameter. However, these large-sized particles are mainly composed of aggregated nanosized particles held together by van der Waals attraction.
工程纳米粒子（NPs）通常掺杂有其他元素以改善其功能，有时还可以改善其物理和/或化学稳定性。然而，掺杂对纳米颗粒环境影响的作用还没有被很好地理解。我们研究了掺杂铁（0-10%）的氧化铜 NPs 的胶体稳定性和影响。通过 NaCl 的临界凝聚浓度来确定掺杂铁的氧化铜 NPs 在水介质中的胶体稳定性，随着铁掺杂量的增加而降低。然而，整体颗粒密度的降低导致掺杂铁的氧化铜 NPs 的沉降速度比其聚集行为预测的要慢。铁掺杂显著影响氧化铜的溶解（p < 0.001），由于中性 pH 下的反应性增加和铁掺杂导致的表面积增加，促进了掺杂 NPs 中的 Cu 浸出。尽管铁掺杂促进了离子态 Cu 的释放，但对海洋浮游植物小球藻（Isochrysis galbana）的毒性没有增加。总悬浮 Cu 主要由海水中的溶解 Cu 络合物和淡水中的颗粒 Cu 组成。根据在淡水中分析的不同粒径分数的丰度，在水悬浮液中检测到的颗粒主要（≥50%）大于 200nm 直径。然而，这些大尺寸的颗粒主要由范德华吸引力结合在一起的纳米级颗粒聚集组成。
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