Professional Development, Continuing Education and Nursing Research Service, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, IRCCS P.za Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Ital J Pediatr. 2018 Jan 5;44(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s13052-017-0439-8.
In Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), parent satisfaction and their experiences are fundamental to assess clinical practice and improve the quality of care delivered to infants and parents. Recently, a specific instrument, the EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care-Neonatology (EMPATHIC-N), has been developed in the Netherlands. This instrument investigated different domains of care in NICUs from a family-centered care perspective. In Italy, no rigorous instruments are available to evaluate parent satisfaction and experiences in NICU with family-centered care. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the EMPATHIC-N instrument into Italian language measuring parent satisfaction.
A psychometric study was conducted in nine Italian NICUs. The hospitals were allocated across Italy: four in the North, four in Central region, one in the South. Parents whose infants were discharged from the Units were enrolled. Parents whose infants died were excluded.
Back-forward translation was conducted. Twelve parents reviewed the instrument to assess the cultural adaptation; none of the items fell below the cut-off of 80% agreement. A total of 186 parents of infants who were discharged from nine NICUs were invited to participate and 162 parents responded and returned the questionnaire (87%). The mean scores of the individual items varied between 4.3 and 5.9. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed and all factor loadings were statistically significant with the exception of item 'Our cultural background was taken into account'. The items related to overall satisfaction showed a higher trend with mean values of 5.8 and 5.9. The Cronbach's alpha's (at domain level 0.73-0.92) and corrected item-total scale correlations revealed high reliability estimates.
The Italian EMPATHIC-N showed to be a valid and reliable instrument measuring parent satisfaction in NICUs from a family-centered care perspective. Indeed, it had good psychometric properties, validity, and reliability. Furthermore, this instrument is fundamental for further research and internationally benchmarking.
在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）中，评估临床实践并提高向婴儿和家长提供的护理质量的关键是家长满意度及其体验。最近，荷兰开发了一种专门的工具，即从以家庭为中心的护理角度调查 NICU 中不同护理领域的 EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care-Neonatology（EMPATHIC-N）。在意大利，没有严格的工具可用于评估 NICU 中以家庭为中心的护理的家长满意度和体验。本研究的目的是将 EMPATHIC-N 工具翻译成意大利语，以衡量家长满意度。
在九家意大利 NICU 进行了一项心理测量学研究。医院分布在意大利各地：北部四家，中部四家，南部一家。从病房出院的婴儿的父母被纳入研究。因婴儿死亡而退出的父母被排除在外。
进行了反向翻译。十二位父母对工具进行了评估，以评估文化适应性；没有一个项目的同意率低于 80%。共邀请了来自九家 NICU 的 186 位出院婴儿的父母参与，有 162 位父母做出回应并返回了问卷（87%）。个别项目的平均得分在 4.3 到 5.9 之间。进行了验证性因素分析，除了“考虑了我们的文化背景”这一项外，所有因子负荷均具有统计学意义。与整体满意度相关的项目呈较高趋势，平均值为 5.8 和 5.9。在域级别（0.73-0.92）的 Cronbach's alpha 和校正后的项目总分相关系数显示出较高的可靠性估计。
意大利版的 EMPATHIC-N 是一种有效的、可靠的工具，可从以家庭为中心的护理角度衡量 NICU 中的家长满意度。事实上，它具有良好的心理测量学特性、有效性和可靠性。此外，该工具对于进一步的研究和国际基准测试至关重要。
