Lake Eileen T, Smith Jessica G, Staiger Douglas O, Schoenauer Kathryn M, Rogowski Jeannette A
Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.
Front Pediatr. 2020 Oct 6;8:541573. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.541573. eCollection 2020.
Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patient satisfaction is measured as parent satisfaction. Parents are critical to the family-centered care model and can evaluate care. Several EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care (EMPATHIC) instruments were developed in the Netherlands to measure parent satisfaction with neonatal and pediatric intensive care. EMPATHIC instruments comprise five domains and a total score: information, care and treatment, organization, parental participation, and professional attitude. To our knowledge, the EMPATHIC has not been adapted for USA use. (1) To select a relevant EMPATHIC instrument for our study. (2) To expand the content reflecting the role of nurses and the cultural heterogeneity of USA NICU infants. (3) To adapt the selected EMPATHIC instrument to USA English. (4) To establish psychometric properties of the linguistically adapted instrument. (5) To evaluate instrument performance with additional items. The EMPATHIC-30 was selected based on shortest length, high overlap with neonatal EMPATHIC-N, and availability of a validated Spanish-language version. Six items from the EMPATHIC-N were added, two of which were split into separate items, resulting in the EMPATHIC-38. A neonatal nurse practitioner adapted wording to USA English. Cognitive debriefing was performed with eight NICU parents to evaluate adapted wording. Parent survey data from a study about missed nursing care and NICU parent satisfaction were utilized. Internal consistency of the five domains and overall score was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Spearman's rank correlations were computed for domains and overall score with four validity measures. Differential validity was determined using 13 parent demographic subgroups. Data were from 282 parents. Parent race was predominantly White (61%) or Black (22%). One fifth were Hispanic. The adapted wording was satisfactory. Four of the five EMPATHIC-30 and EMPATHIC-38 domains had Cronbach alphas at or above 0.70, indicating acceptable reliability. Correlations between the domain, total scores, and validity indicators ranged from 0.30 to 0.57, indicating positive, moderate associations. Results were replicated in demographic subgroups. Reliability and validity of the three domains with additional items were better than or equivalent to values for the original. The linguistically adapted EMPATHIC-30-NICU-USA and the expanded EMPATHIC-38-NICU-USA exhibit satisfactory psychometric properties and are suitable for use in USA NICUs.
新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）患者满意度以家长满意度来衡量。家长对于以家庭为中心的护理模式至关重要，并且能够对护理进行评估。荷兰开发了几种重症监护中家长赋权（EMPATHIC）工具来衡量家长对新生儿和儿科重症监护的满意度。EMPATHIC工具包括五个领域和一个总分：信息、护理与治疗、组织、家长参与以及专业态度。据我们所知，EMPATHIC尚未改编以供美国使用。（1）为我们的研究选择一种相关的EMPATHIC工具。（2）扩展反映护士角色和美国NICU婴儿文化异质性的内容。（3）将所选的EMPATHIC工具改编为美国英语。（4）确定语言改编后工具的心理测量特性。（5）用额外的项目评估工具性能。基于最短长度、与新生儿EMPATHIC - N的高重叠度以及有效的西班牙语版本的可用性，选择了EMPATHIC - 30。从EMPATHIC - N中添加了六个项目，其中两个被拆分为单独的项目，从而形成了EMPATHIC - 38。一名新生儿护理从业者将措辞改编为美国英语。对八名NICU家长进行了认知访谈以评估改编后的措辞。利用了一项关于护理缺失与NICU家长满意度研究中的家长调查数据。通过克朗巴哈系数测量五个领域和总分的内部一致性。计算了各领域和总分与四项效度指标的斯皮尔曼等级相关性。使用13个家长人口统计学亚组确定差异效度。数据来自282名家长。家长种族主要为白人（61%）或黑人（22%）。五分之一为西班牙裔。改编后的措辞令人满意。EMPATHIC - 30和EMPATHIC - 38的五个领域中有四个的克朗巴哈系数达到或高于0.70，表明可靠性可接受。各领域、总分与效度指标之间的相关性在0.30至0.57之间，表明存在正向的中度关联。结果在人口统计学亚组中得到了重复验证。有额外项目的三个领域的信度和效度优于或等同于原始值。语言改编后的EMPATHIC - 30 - NICU - USA和扩展后的EMPATHIC - 38 - NICU - USA表现出令人满意的心理测量特性，适用于美国的NICU。
