Preventing depression in the offspring of parents with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

One major predictor of depression onset is having a depressed parent. This study provides the first systematic review and meta-analysis of preventive interventions for offspring of depressed parents. We searched six literature databases and included randomized controlled trials which concerned the non-depressed offspring (aged 18 or younger) of a depressed parent, who received a preventive intervention designed to reduce the risk of depression or a comparison condition. Primary and secondary outcome measures were the severity and incidence of childhood depression. 14 publications reporting data from seven trials (n=935 children) were included and were of relatively high quality. The effect of the interventions (versus any control condition) on depressive and internalising symptoms at post-intervention follow-up (up to four months) was small but significant [g'=-0.20, 95% CI (-0.34; -0.06), p=0.005; I=0.00%]. The interventions also had a small but significant effect on depression incidence [Risk Ratio=0.56; 95% CI(0.41;0.77); d'=-0.42]. Intervention effects were not present in the short-term (up to 12months post-intervention) or long-term (15-72months post-intervention) follow-ups. Interventions targeting the offspring of depressed parents show promise not only in reducing symptoms of depression but also in preventing the onset of depression, at least immediately after the intervention.