School of Social Sciences and Humanities/Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
J Fam Psychol. 2013 Aug;27(4):683-90. doi: 10.1037/a0033466.
Our randomized trial examined the effectiveness of preventive interventions in increasing positive cognitive attributions and reducing negative cognitive attributions in children of depressed parents. In addition, it tested the role of attribution changes in mediating the intervention effects on children's depressive and emotional symptoms. The participants were 109 Finnish families with at least one parent in treatment for affective disorder, for a total of 145 children, 8-16 years of age. Families were randomized into two groups: the "family talk intervention" (FTI, a whole-family approach enhancing communication and child resilience, Beardslee et al., 1997) group, and an active control, the "let's talk about the children" (LTC, a parent-only psycho-educational approach, Solantaus, Paavonen, Toikka, & Punamäki, 2010) group. Children reported their cognitive attributions (CASQ-R, Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised (Thompson, Kaslow, Weiss, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998)), depressive (CDI/BDI, Child Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1981)/Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988)) and emotional (SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997)) symptoms, and mothers reported their children's emotional symptoms (SDQ at baseline (T1) and 10-month (T2) and 18-month (T3)) follow-ups. Contrary to our hypothesis, no beneficial attribution changes were found in the FTI group across the follow-ups. Instead, positive cognitive appraisals increased in the LTC group, especially from T2 to T3. The increase of positive attribution further served as a mediator for changes in children's emotional and depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that a short preventive intervention can enhance beneficial cognitive processes in high-risk families in routine adult psychiatric care.
我们的随机试验研究了预防干预措施在增加抑郁父母的孩子的积极认知归因和减少消极认知归因方面的有效性。此外，它还测试了归因变化在介导干预对儿童抑郁和情绪症状的影响中的作用。参与者是 109 个芬兰家庭，其中至少有一位父母正在接受情感障碍治疗，共有 145 名 8-16 岁的儿童。家庭被随机分为两组：“家庭谈话干预”（FTI，一种增强沟通和孩子适应力的全家庭方法，Beardslee 等人，1997）组和一种积极对照，“让我们谈谈孩子”（LTC，一种仅父母的心理教育方法，Solantaus、Paavonen、Toikka 和 Punamäki，2010）组。孩子们报告了他们的认知归因（CASQ-R，儿童归因风格问卷修订版（Thompson、Kaslow、Weiss 和 Nolen-Hoeksema，1998））、抑郁（CDI/BDI，儿童抑郁量表（Kovacs，1981）/贝克抑郁量表（Beck、Steer 和 Garbin，1988））和情绪（SDQ，优点和困难问卷（Goodman，1997））症状，母亲们报告了他们孩子的情绪症状（SDQ 在基线（T1）和 10 个月（T2）和 18 个月（T3）的随访）。与我们的假设相反，FTI 组在整个随访过程中没有发现有益的归因变化。相反，LTC 组的积极认知评价增加，尤其是从 T2 到 T3。积极归因的增加进一步充当了儿童情绪和抑郁症状变化的中介。研究结果表明，短期预防干预可以增强常规成人精神病学护理中高风险家庭的有益认知过程。
