Koper Iris, Hufnagl Karin, Ehmann Rainer
Department of Internal Medicine/Pneumology, Sana Kliniken Ostholstein, Clinics Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Austria Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
World Allergy Organ J. 2017 Dec 27;10(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s40413-017-0177-9. eCollection 2017.
There is good evidence for gender-specific differences in asthma regarding all affected areas, from intra- to extra-cellular mediators to the whole organ structure und functioning of the lung. These result from complex, in parts synergistic, in other parts opposing, effects - especially of female sex hormones, and rather protective effects of male hormones against asthma, which include effects on the cellular immune system. Additionally, there are gender differences of sociocultural origin, regarding presentation, doctor's diagnosis and treatment of asthma symptoms, as well as the undertaken coping strategies concerning the female or male patient's complaints. Taking into account gender-specific differences in asthma would contribute to improved individual diagnosis and therapies.
有充分证据表明，在哮喘方面存在性别差异，涉及从细胞内到细胞外介质，再到整个肺器官结构和功能等所有受影响的领域。这些差异源于复杂的影响，部分是协同的，部分是相反的，尤其是女性性激素的影响，以及男性激素对哮喘的保护作用，其中包括对细胞免疫系统的影响。此外，在哮喘症状的表现、医生的诊断和治疗以及针对女性或男性患者症状所采取的应对策略方面，存在社会文化根源的性别差异。考虑到哮喘的性别差异将有助于改善个体诊断和治疗。
