College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Mar;25(7):6175-6195. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-1143-3. Epub 2018 Jan 7.
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), with its reductive potentials and wide availability, offers degradative remediation for environmental pollutants. However, weaknesses such as easy aggregation, easy oxidation, and nanoscale size have hindered its further applications in the environment to some extent. Therefore, various supported nZVI composites (SNCs) with higher dispersibility, enhanced water stability, and tunable size have been developed to overcome the weaknesses. SNCs family is a great alternative for water purification applications that require high removal efficiency and rapid kinetics, as a result of their multifunctional properties and magnetic separation capacity. In this review, we compare the advantages of SNCs to nZVI for pollutant removal in water, discuss for the first time the synthetic techniques of obtaining SNCs, and analyze the influencing factors and mechanisms associated with the removal of some typical hazardous pollutants (e.g., dyes, heavy metals, nitrogen, and phosphorus) using SNCs. Moreover, limitations and future research needs of such material are discussed. More attention should be paid to the evaluation of toxicity, development of green synthetic routes, and potential application areas of such materials in future research.
纳米零价铁（nZVI）具有还原电位和广泛的可用性，为环境污染物的降解修复提供了可能。然而，其易于聚集、易氧化和纳米尺寸等弱点在一定程度上限制了其在环境中的进一步应用。因此，已经开发了各种具有更高分散性、增强的水稳定性和可调尺寸的负载型纳米零价铁复合材料（SNCs），以克服这些弱点。SNCs 家族是水净化应用的理想选择，因为其多功能特性和磁性分离能力可以实现高去除效率和快速动力学。在本文中，我们比较了 SNCs 和 nZVI 在水中去除污染物方面的优势，首次讨论了获得 SNCs 的合成技术，并分析了使用 SNCs 去除一些典型危险污染物（如染料、重金属、氮和磷）的影响因素和机制。此外，还讨论了这种材料的局限性和未来的研究需求。未来的研究应更加关注对毒性的评估、绿色合成路线的开发以及此类材料在潜在应用领域的发展。
