Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Immune-Suppressive Cells That Impair Antitumor Immunity and Are Sculpted by Their Environment.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a diverse population of immature myeloid cells that have potent immune-suppressive activity. Studies in both mice and humans have demonstrated that MDSC accumulate in most individuals with cancer, where they promote tumor progression, inhibit antitumor immunity, and are an obstacle to many cancer immunotherapies. As a result, there has been intense interest in understanding the mechanisms and in situ conditions that regulate and sustain MDSC, and the mechanisms MDSC use to promote tumor progression. This article reviews the characterization of MDSC and how they are distinguished from neutrophils, describes the suppressive mechanisms used by MDSC to mediate their effects, and explains the role of proinflammatory mediators and the tumor microenvironment in driving MDSC accumulation, suppressive potency, and survival.