Domínguez Raúl, Maté-Muñoz José Luis, Cuenca Eduardo, García-Fernández Pablo, Mata-Ordoñez Fernando, Lozano-Estevan María Carmen, Veiga-Herreros Pablo, da Silva Sandro Fernandes, Garnacho-Castaño Manuel Vicente
Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain.
TecnoCampus. GRI-AFIRS, School of Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Jan 5;15:2. doi: 10.1186/s12970-017-0204-9. eCollection 2018.
Beetroot juice contains high levels of inorganic nitrate (NO) and its intake has proved effective at increasing blood nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Given the effects of NO in promoting vasodilation and blood flow with beneficial impacts on muscle contraction, several studies have detected an ergogenic effect of beetroot juice supplementation on exercise efforts with high oxidative energy metabolism demands. However, only a scarce yet growing number of investigations have sought to assess the effects of this supplement on performance at high-intensity exercise. Here we review the few studies that have addressed this issue. The databases Dialnet, Elsevier, Medline, Pubmed and Web of Science were searched for articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish published from 2010 to March 31 to 2017 using the keywords: beet or beetroot or nitrate or nitrite and supplement or supplementation or nutrition or "sport nutrition" and exercise or sport or "physical activity" or effort or athlete. Nine articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified. Results indicate that beetroot juice given as a single dose or over a few days may improve performance at intermittent, high-intensity efforts with short rest periods. The improvements observed were attributed to faster phosphocreatine resynthesis which could delay its depletion during repetitive exercise efforts. In addition, beetroot juice supplementation could improve muscle power output via a mechanism involving a faster muscle shortening velocity. The findings of some studies also suggested improved indicators of muscular fatigue, though the mechanism involved in this effect remains unclear.
甜菜根汁含有大量无机硝酸盐（NO），事实证明摄入甜菜根汁能有效提高血液中一氧化氮（NO）的浓度。鉴于NO具有促进血管舒张和血液流动的作用，并对肌肉收缩产生有益影响，多项研究已发现补充甜菜根汁对高氧化能量代谢需求的运动表现具有促力效应。然而，仅有为数不多但数量不断增加的研究试图评估这种补充剂对高强度运动表现的影响。在此，我们综述了针对这一问题的少数几项研究。利用关键词“甜菜或甜菜根或硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐”以及“补充剂或补充或营养或‘运动营养’”和“运动或体育或‘身体活动’或努力或运动员”，在Dialnet、爱思唯尔、医学在线数据库、PubMed和科学网数据库中搜索了2010年至2017年3月31日以英文、葡萄牙文和西班牙文发表的文章。共识别出9篇符合纳入标准的文章。结果表明，单次或连续几天饮用甜菜根汁可能会改善短休息期的间歇性高强度运动表现。观察到的改善归因于磷酸肌酸再合成加快，这可以在重复运动过程中延迟其消耗。此外，补充甜菜根汁可通过加快肌肉缩短速度的机制提高肌肉力量输出。一些研究的结果还表明肌肉疲劳指标有所改善，不过这种效应所涉及的机制尚不清楚。
