Tanaka Shoji, Kirino Eiji
Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Dec 12;11:606. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00606. eCollection 2017.
The supplementary motor area (SMA) has been shown to be the center for motor planning and is active during music listening and performance. However, limited data exist on the role of the SMA in music. Music performance requires complex information processing in auditory, visual, spatial, emotional, and motor domains, and this information is integrated for the performance. We hypothesized that the SMA is engaged in multimodal integration of information, distributed across several regions of the brain to prepare for ongoing music performance. To test this hypothesis, functional networks involving the SMA were extracted from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data that were acquired from musicians during imagined music performance and during the resting state. Compared with the resting condition, imagined music performance increased connectivity of the SMA with widespread regions in the brain including the sensorimotor cortices, parietal cortex, posterior temporal cortex, occipital cortex, and inferior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Increased connectivity of the SMA with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex suggests that the SMA is under cognitive control, while increased connectivity with the inferior prefrontal cortex suggests the involvement of syntax processing. Increased connectivity with the parietal cortex, posterior temporal cortex, and occipital cortex is likely for the integration of spatial, emotional, and visual information. Finally, increased connectivity with the sensorimotor cortices was potentially involved with the translation of thought planning into motor programs. Therefore, the reconfiguration of the SMA network observed in this study is considered to reflect the multimodal integration required for imagined and actual music performance. We propose that the SMA network construct "the internal representation of music performance" by integrating multimodal information required for the performance.
辅助运动区（SMA）已被证明是运动规划的中心，在听音乐和演奏音乐时会活跃起来。然而，关于SMA在音乐中的作用的数据有限。音乐演奏需要在听觉、视觉、空间、情感和运动领域进行复杂的信息处理，并且这些信息会被整合以进行演奏。我们假设SMA参与了信息的多模态整合，这些信息分布在大脑的几个区域，为正在进行的音乐演奏做准备。为了验证这一假设，从功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据中提取了涉及SMA的功能网络，这些数据是在音乐家想象音乐演奏和静息状态下获取的。与静息状态相比，想象音乐演奏增加了SMA与大脑广泛区域的连接性，这些区域包括感觉运动皮层、顶叶皮层、颞叶后皮层、枕叶皮层以及额下皮层和背外侧前额叶皮层。SMA与背外侧前额叶皮层连接性的增加表明SMA处于认知控制之下，而与额下皮层连接性的增加表明句法处理的参与。与顶叶皮层、颞叶后皮层和枕叶皮层连接性的增加可能用于空间、情感和视觉信息的整合。最后，与感觉运动皮层连接性的增加可能与将思维规划转化为运动程序有关。因此，本研究中观察到的SMA网络的重新配置被认为反映了想象和实际音乐演奏所需的多模态整合。我们提出，SMA网络通过整合演奏所需的多模态信息来构建“音乐演奏的内部表征”。
