Decker Marie-Luise, Grobusch Martin P, Ritz Nicole
Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Pharmacology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Pediatr. 2017 Dec 14;5:255. doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00255. eCollection 2017.
Cytokines have attracted much attention as diagnostic biomarkers for infectious and inflammatory diseases in recent years. However, understanding of maturation and normal age-associated values is limited. This review summarizes evidence on the influence of age and other factors on expression profiles of soluble and intracellular cytokines in healthy children. IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α are the most frequently investigated cytokines, of which an age-associated increase was shown consistently for IFN-γ and TNF-α. An age-associated decrease of IL-13 was seen in resource-limited settings. For other cytokines, including IL-1RA, IL-2, and IL-10, uni- or bimodal curves have been described, and results were influenced by study setting. To conclude, despite limited current understanding of the development of cytokine expression, age clearly influences expression profiles in healthy children. Dynamics of cytokine expression in childhood need to be considered when these are measured in diagnostic assays or as biomarkers. In addition, cytokine-targeting agents may require adjustment for normal values when used in children.
近年来，细胞因子作为感染性和炎症性疾病的诊断生物标志物备受关注。然而，对其成熟过程和与年龄相关的正常数值的了解有限。本综述总结了关于年龄和其他因素对健康儿童可溶性和细胞内细胞因子表达谱影响的证据。干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）是研究最频繁的细胞因子，其中IFN-γ和TNF-α呈现出与年龄相关的持续增加。在资源有限的环境中，观察到白细胞介素-13（IL-13）与年龄相关的下降。对于其他细胞因子，包括白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1RA）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）和IL-10，已描述了单峰或双峰曲线，且结果受研究环境影响。总之，尽管目前对细胞因子表达的发育了解有限，但年龄显然会影响健康儿童的表达谱。在诊断检测中测量细胞因子或其作为生物标志物时，需要考虑儿童期细胞因子表达的动态变化。此外，细胞因子靶向药物在儿童中使用时，可能需要根据正常数值进行调整。
