半乳糖凝集素-12 在细胞分化、凋亡和极化中的作用。
Galectin-12 in Cellular Differentiation, Apoptosis and Polarization.
机构信息
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
出版信息
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jan 7;19(1):176. doi: 10.3390/ijms19010176.
Galectin-12 is a member of a family of mammalian lectins characterized by their affinity for β-galactosides and consensus amino acid sequences. The protein structure consists of a single polypeptide chain containing two carbohydrate-recognition domains joined by a linker region. Galectin-12 is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, but is also detected in macrophages and other leukocytes. Downregulation of galectin-12 in mouse 3T3-L1 cells impairs their differentiation into adipocytes. Conversely, overexpression of galectin-12 in vitro induces cell cycle arrest in G1 and apoptosis. Upregulation of galectin-12 and initiation of G1 cell cycle arrest are associated with driving pre-adipocytes toward terminal differentiation. Galectin-12 deficiency increases insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in obese animals. Galectin-12 inhibits macrophage polarization to the M2 population, enhancing inflammation and decreasing insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. Galectin-12 also affects myeloid differentiation, which is associated with chemotherapy resistance. In addition to highlighting the above-mentioned aspects, this review also discusses the potential clinical applications of modulating the function of galectin-12.
半乳糖凝集素-12 是一种具有结合β-半乳糖苷和保守氨基酸序列特征的哺乳动物凝集素家族成员。该蛋白结构由一条单链多肽组成，包含两个糖识别结构域，通过连接区连接。半乳糖凝集素-12 主要在脂肪组织中表达，但也在巨噬细胞和其他白细胞中检测到。在小鼠 3T3-L1 细胞中下调半乳糖凝集素-12 会损害其向脂肪细胞的分化。相反，体外过表达半乳糖凝集素-12 会诱导细胞周期停滞在 G1 期并发生细胞凋亡。半乳糖凝集素-12 的上调和 G1 期细胞周期阻滞的启动与推动前脂肪细胞向终末分化有关。半乳糖凝集素-12 缺乏会增加肥胖动物的胰岛素敏感性和葡萄糖耐量。半乳糖凝集素-12 抑制巨噬细胞向 M2 群体极化，增强炎症并降低脂肪细胞中的胰岛素敏感性。半乳糖凝集素-12 还影响髓样细胞分化，这与化疗耐药有关。除了强调上述方面外，本综述还讨论了调节半乳糖凝集素-12 功能的潜在临床应用。
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