1Nutritional Epidemiology Group,School of Food Science and Nutrition,University of Leeds,Leeds LS2 9JT,UK.
2School of Medicine,Division of Biostatistics,University of Leeds,Leeds LS2 9JT,UK.
Br J Nutr. 2018 Feb;119(3):330-339. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517003609. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
There is lack of evidence on the differential impact of maternal macronutrient consumption: carbohydrates (CHO), fats and protein on birth weight. We investigated the association between maternal dietary macronutrient intakes and their sub-components such as saccharides and fatty acids and birth weight. This analyses included 1,196 women with singleton pregnancies who were part of the CAffeine and REproductive health study in Leeds, UK between 2003 and 2006. Women were interviewed in each trimester. Dietary information was collected twice using a 24-h dietary recall about 8-12 weeks and 13-27 weeks of gestation. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for alcohol and smoking in trimester 1, showed that each additional 10 g/d CHO consumption was associated with an increase of 4 g (95 % CI 1, 7; P=0·003) in birth weight. Conversely, an additional 10 g/d fat intake was associated with a lower birth weight of 8 g (95 % CI 0, 16; P=0·04) when we accounted for energy contributing macronutrients in each model, and maternal height, weight, parity, ethnicity, gestational age at delivery and sex of the baby. There was no evidence of an association between protein intake and birth weight. Maternal diet in trimester 2 suggested that higher intakes of glucose (10 g/d) and lactose (1 g/d) were both associated with higher birth weight of 52 g (95 % CI 4, 100; P=0·03) and 5 g (95 % CI 2, 7; P<0·001) respectively. These results show that dietary macronutrient composition during pregnancy is associated with birth weight outcomes. An appropriately balanced intake of dietary CHO and fat during pregnancy could support optimum birth weight.
目前，有关母体宏量营养素消耗（碳水化合物（CHO）、脂肪和蛋白质）对出生体重的差异影响的证据不足。我们研究了母体膳食宏量营养素摄入量及其亚成分（如糖和脂肪酸）与出生体重之间的关系。这项分析包括了 2003 年至 2006 年期间在英国利兹进行的 CAffeine and REproductive health 研究中的 1196 名单胎妊娠妇女。在每个孕期中，这些妇女都接受了采访。在妊娠第 8-12 周和第 13-27 周时，使用两次 24 小时膳食回忆法收集了饮食信息。多线性回归模型调整了第 1 孕期的酒精和吸烟，结果表明，CHO 摄入量每增加 10 g/d，出生体重就会增加 4 g（95%CI 1, 7；P=0·003）。相反，当我们在每个模型中考虑到能量贡献的宏量营养素以及母体身高、体重、产次、种族、分娩时的孕龄和婴儿性别时，每增加 10 g/d 的脂肪摄入量与出生体重降低 8 g（95%CI 0, 16；P=0·04）相关。蛋白质摄入量与出生体重之间没有关联的证据。第 2 孕期的饮食表明，葡萄糖（10 g/d）和乳糖（1 g/d）的摄入量较高都与出生体重分别增加 52 g（95%CI 4, 100；P=0·03）和 5 g（95%CI 2, 7；P<0·001）有关。这些结果表明，妊娠期间的膳食宏量营养素组成与出生体重结局有关。妊娠期间适当平衡的 CHO 和脂肪摄入可能有助于支持最佳出生体重。
