Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, Netherlands.
European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018 May;65 Suppl 1:22-29. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12760. Epub 2018 Jan 10.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), family Hepeviridae, is a main cause of epidemic hepatitis in developing countries and sporadic and cluster cases of hepatitis in industrialized countries. There are an increasing number of reported cases in humans especially in industrialized countries, and there is a high potential for transboundary spread of zoonotic genotypes of the virus through the transport of pigs, pig products and by-products. Bloodborne transmission of the virus has been reported with a significant medical concern. To better coordinate HEV research and design better control measures of HEV infections in animals, a group of HEV experts reviewed the current knowledge on the disease and considered the existing disease control tools. It was concluded that there is a lack of in-depth information about the spread of the virus from pigs to humans. The role of animals other than pigs in the zoonotic transmission of the virus to humans and the extent of foodborne transmission are poorly understood. Factors involved in development of clinical disease such as infectious dose, susceptibility and virulence of virus strains need to be studied more extensively. However, such studies are greatly hindered by the absence of a broadly applicable, efficient and sensitive in vitro cell culture system for HEV. Diagnostic tools for HEV are available but need to be further validated, harmonized and standardized. Commercially available HEV vaccines for the control of HEV infection in animal populations are needed as such vaccines can minimize the zoonotic risk for humans. Anti-HEV drugs for treatment of HEV-infected patients need to be studied more extensively. The detailed expert review can be downloaded from the project website at http://www.discontools.eu/.
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）属于肝炎病毒科 HEV 属，是发展中国家流行型肝炎和发达国家散发及聚集性肝炎的主要病因。人类感染 HEV 的病例报告数量不断增加，尤其在发达国家，猪、猪产品和副产品的运输可能导致该病毒的动物源性基因型发生越境传播，具有较高的传播风险。已有血液传播病毒的报告，引起了人们对该病毒的极大关注。为了更好地协调戊型肝炎病毒的研究工作，并设计更好的动物戊型肝炎病毒感染控制措施，一组戊型肝炎病毒专家对该疾病的现有知识进行了审查，并考虑了现有的疾病控制工具。结论认为，缺乏关于病毒从猪传播到人类的深入信息。动物（除猪以外）在该病毒向人类的动物源性传播中的作用以及食源性传播的程度了解甚少。需要更广泛地研究病毒感染剂量、易感性和毒力等影响临床疾病发展的因素，但由于缺乏广泛适用于戊型肝炎病毒的、高效和敏感的体外细胞培养系统，此类研究受到了极大阻碍。目前已有戊型肝炎病毒诊断工具，但需要进一步验证、协调和标准化。需要开发用于控制动物群体戊型肝炎病毒感染的商业化戊型肝炎病毒疫苗，因为此类疫苗可以最大限度地降低人类感染的动物源性风险。需要更广泛地研究用于治疗戊型肝炎病毒感染患者的抗戊型肝炎病毒药物。详细的专家审查可从项目网站 http://www.discontools.eu/ 下载。
