Momeni Habibe, Tabatabaei Fard Seyyedeh Fatemeh, Arefinejad Aliye, Afzali Afsane, Talebi Farkhonde, Rahmanpour Salmani Elham
Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Student Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Int J Occup Environ Med. 2018 Jan;9(1):52-60. doi: 10.15171/ijoem.2018.1203.
The presence of toxic and pathogenic agents in the dental waste products has made it to be classified as "hazardous waste."
To assess dental waste production rate and composition and approaches used to manage these waste products in 2017 in Birjand, Iran.
48 dental clinics were evaluated in two months of 2017. Sampling was performed from each clinic 3 times a week. Samples were manually divided into 5 categories of chemical-pharmaceutical, infectious, semi-household, sharp and cutting materials, and toxic waste products, and weighed. A checklist containing 25 questions was used to evaluate the aspects of waste management in dental clinics.
The total amount of waste products generated in dental clinics was 7848.02 kg/ year in which semi-household waste had the highest quantity (4263.411 kg/year) and toxic waste had the lowest quantity (9.275 kg/year). Components with the highest amounts in dentistry waste products were nylon gloves (16.7%), paper and cardboard (13.4%), latex gloves (10.8%), and pharmaceuticals (10.2%). Waste separation was restricted to sharp and cutting waste. More than half (57%) of dental units were equipped with amalgam filter. Fixing solutions were directly discharged to sewage in 48.6% of clinics. There was no program to reduce waste generation in 54% of the clinics. Autoclave was the main tool for sterilizing dental instruments.
This study showed a remarkable share of recyclable materials in the composition of dental waste and lack of special approach to manage waste in dental clinics. It is necessary to plan for minimizing generation of, separating, and recycling waste at source.
牙科废弃物中存在有毒和致病因子，这使其被归类为“危险废物”。
评估2017年伊朗比尔詹德牙科废弃物的产生率、成分以及管理这些废弃物所采用的方法。
在2017年的两个月内对48家牙科诊所进行了评估。每周从每家诊所采样3次。样本被手动分为化学 - 药品、感染性、半家庭、尖锐和切割材料以及有毒废弃物5类，并称重。使用一份包含25个问题的清单来评估牙科诊所废弃物管理的各个方面。
牙科诊所产生的废弃物总量为7848.02千克/年，其中半家庭废弃物数量最多（4263.411千克/年），有毒废弃物数量最少（9.275千克/年）。牙科废弃物中含量最高的成分是尼龙手套（16.7%）、纸张和纸板（13.4%）、乳胶手套（10.8%）和药品（10.2%）。废弃物分类仅限于尖锐和切割废弃物。超过一半（57%）的牙科单位配备了汞合金过滤器。48.6%的诊所将固定液直接排放到污水中。54%的诊所没有减少废弃物产生的计划。高压灭菌器是牙科器械灭菌的主要工具。
本研究表明牙科废弃物成分中可回收材料占比显著，且牙科诊所缺乏管理废弃物的特殊方法。有必要规划从源头减少废弃物的产生、分类和回收。
