Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, and Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA.
Birth Defects Res. 2018 Apr 3;110(6):527-537. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1192. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
Oral clefts are among the most common congenital anomalies. Most studies on risk factors of oral clefts have been carried out in developed countries. We investigated the associations between maternal exposures in the first trimester and oral clefts in South Vietnam.
We conducted a hospital-based case-control study during October 2014-November 2015. Cases included 170 patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and those with cleft palate only. Controls were 170 children without oral clefts, matched to each case by age and gender. Mothers were interviewed using structured questionnaire. We performed conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Passive smoking was associated with increased risk of oral clefts in univariate analysis, but not in multivariable analysis (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.68; 95% CI, 0.53-5.37). No association was observed between liver intake and oral clefts. Compared with nondrinkers, mothers who reported consumption of caffeine-containing beverages were more likely to have an infant with oral cleft (aOR = 5.89; 95% CI, 1.08-32.00). Periconceptional use of folic acid and multivitamins supplementation was associated with reduced risk of oral clefts (aOR = 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00-0.09 and aOR = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01-0.13, respectively).
The results suggest no associations of maternal passive smoking or liver intake with oral clefts. Periconceptional use of folic acid or multivitamins may protect against oral clefts. Further studies are warranted to examine the roles of caffeine consumption in pregnant mothers on occurrence of oral clefts in offspring.
口腔裂是最常见的先天畸形之一。大多数口腔裂危险因素的研究都是在发达国家进行的。我们在越南南部调查了母亲在孕早期的暴露与口腔裂之间的关系。
我们于 2014 年 10 月至 2015 年 11 月进行了一项基于医院的病例对照研究。病例包括 170 例非综合征性唇裂伴或不伴腭裂以及单纯腭裂患儿。对照组为 170 名无口腔裂的儿童，按年龄和性别与每个病例相匹配。母亲通过结构化问卷接受访谈。我们进行条件 logistic 回归估计比值比（ORs）和 95%置信区间（CIs）。
在单变量分析中，被动吸烟与口腔裂的风险增加相关，但在多变量分析中无此关联（调整后的 OR[aOR] = 1.68；95%CI，0.53-5.37）。未观察到肝摄入与口腔裂之间存在关联。与不饮酒者相比，报告饮用含咖啡因饮料的母亲更有可能生下口腔裂婴儿（aOR = 5.89；95%CI，1.08-32.00）。围孕期叶酸和多种维生素补充与口腔裂风险降低相关（aOR = 0.01；95%CI，0.00-0.09 和 aOR = 0.03；95%CI，0.01-0.13）。
结果表明，母亲被动吸烟或肝摄入与口腔裂无关。围孕期使用叶酸或多种维生素可能预防口腔裂。需要进一步研究以检验孕妇咖啡因摄入对后代口腔裂发生的作用。
