Department of Surgery, Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
Syrian Private University, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Oct 20;102(42):e34419. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034419.
Cleft lip and/or palate is the most prevalent type of head and neck deformity, accounting for 65% of cases. The occurrence of this condition is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Cleft defects are classified into 2 types: syndromic cleft lip and palate syndrome and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate syndrome. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is the most common type of cleft defect, and the surgical repair is the primary treatment option for patients. Our study was a retrospective case-control study that included 132 cases of patients with cleft defects and 132 healthy babies without cleft defects serving as controls. Personal information, including the name, age, and origin of the participants, was collected. Additionally, we collected information on all potential risk factors, including medical history, daily habits, consanguinity between parents, and family history. Information was collected in Excel and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and a Chi-Square test was performed to determine the results and their relationship to cleft lip and palate. Our study identified various risk factors that have a significant association with cleft lip and palate with a P-value <5% in addition to factors that are not considered risk factors. Using relative risk analysis, we were able to rank the top 5 most significant and influential risk factors. The most impactful factor was not taking folic acid during pregnancy. The primary risk factors associated with cleft lip and palate include a family history of the condition, lack of folic acid supplementation, maternal age over 35 years, and high temperatures exceeding 39 °C. Consequently, we recommend that mothers who intend to conceive should take folic acid supplements at a dose of 0.4 to 0.8 mg during the initial trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, we advise careful monitoring of all risk factors, particularly during the first trimester of pregnancy.
唇腭裂是最常见的头颈部畸形类型，占病例的 65%。这种情况的发生受到遗传和环境因素的影响。裂隙缺陷分为 2 种类型：综合征性唇腭裂和非综合征性唇腭裂。唇裂伴或不伴腭裂是最常见的裂隙缺陷类型，手术修复是患者的主要治疗选择。我们的研究是一项回顾性病例对照研究，包括 132 例唇腭裂患者和 132 例无唇腭裂的健康婴儿作为对照。收集了参与者的个人信息，包括姓名、年龄和来源。此外，我们还收集了所有潜在风险因素的信息，包括病史、日常习惯、父母间的血缘关系和家族史。信息以 Excel 表格形式收集，并使用社会科学统计软件包进行分析，采用卡方检验来确定结果及其与唇腭裂的关系。我们的研究确定了除了被认为不是风险因素之外，还有各种与唇腭裂显著相关的风险因素，其 P 值<5%。通过相对风险分析，我们能够对前 5 个最显著和最有影响力的风险因素进行排名。最具影响力的因素是妊娠期间未服用叶酸。与唇腭裂相关的主要风险因素包括该病的家族史、缺乏叶酸补充、母亲年龄超过 35 岁以及体温超过 39°C。因此，我们建议有生育计划的母亲在妊娠早期应服用 0.4 至 0.8mg 的叶酸补充剂。此外，我们建议仔细监测所有风险因素，尤其是在妊娠早期。
