Umeizudike Kehinde Adesola, Olawuyi Adetokunbo B, Umeizudike Theophilus I, Olusegun-Joseph Akinsanya D, Bello Babawale T
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
Contemp Clin Dent. 2017 Oct-Dec;8(4):565-570. doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_536_17.
Long-term treatment of common chronic cardiac conditions such as hypertension with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) has long been associated with gingival hyperplasia. This oral side effect may affect esthetics and function, yet often overlooked and therefore underreported among Nigerians.
This study aimed to determine the association of CCBs with gingival overgrowth (GO) in hypertensive patients.
This was a hospital-based, case-control study conducted among 116 hypertensive patients (58 CCB and 58 non-CCB age-matched controls) attending the medical outpatient clinic of a tertiary health institution in Lagos, Nigeria. Data collection tools included interviewer-administered questionnaires and periodontal examination. Sociodemographic details, medical history, and periodontal indices (gingival index, plaque index, class of GO according to drug-induced GO [DIGO] Clinical Index) were recorded.
The mean age was 59.4 ± 12.6 years, females representing 50.9%. In the CCB group, 39 (67.2%) participants were on amlodipine and 19 (32.8%) were on nifedipine. The mean duration of CCB use was 55.6 ± 53 months. DIGO was higher in CCB (36.2%) than that in non-CCB participants (17.2%) (χ = 4.4, = 0.036). The risk of GO was higher in CCB users (odds ratio [OR] 2.7, [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.1-6.5). Amlodipine users had higher DIGO (37.5%) than that of nifedipine users (21.1%) (OR 2.3, [95% CI]: 1.0-5.3). The predominant class of DIGO among the CCB users was Class 2 DIGO Clinical Index (90.5%).
The study reveals that the risk of GO is nearly three times in CCB than that of non-CCB users and twice higher in amlodipine than nifedipine users in Nigeria.
长期使用钙通道阻滞剂（CCB）治疗高血压等常见慢性心脏疾病，长期以来一直与牙龈增生有关。这种口腔副作用可能会影响美观和功能，但在尼日利亚人当中常常被忽视，因此报告不足。
本研究旨在确定CCB与高血压患者牙龈过度生长（GO）之间的关联。
这是一项基于医院的病例对照研究，在尼日利亚拉各斯一家三级医疗机构的门诊就诊的116名高血压患者（58名使用CCB和58名年龄匹配的未使用CCB的对照）中进行。数据收集工具包括访谈者管理的问卷和牙周检查。记录社会人口学细节、病史和牙周指数（牙龈指数、菌斑指数、根据药物性牙龈增生[DIGO]临床指数划分的GO等级）。
平均年龄为59.4±12.6岁，女性占50.9%。在CCB组中，39名（67.2%）参与者使用氨氯地平，19名（32.8%）使用硝苯地平。CCB的平均使用时长为55.6±53个月。CCB组的DIGO（36.2%）高于未使用CCB的参与者（17.2%）（χ² = 4.4，P = 0.036）。使用CCB者发生GO的风险更高（优势比[OR]为2.7，[95%置信区间（CI）]：1.1 - 6.5）。氨氯地平使用者的DIGO（37.5%）高于硝苯地平使用者（21.1%）（OR为2.3，[95%CI]：1.0 - 5.3）。CCB使用者中主要的DIGO等级为2级DIGO临床指数（90.5%）。
该研究表明，在尼日利亚，使用CCB者发生GO的风险几乎是非CCB使用者的三倍，氨氯地平使用者发生GO的风险是硝苯地平使用者的两倍。
