Umeizudike Kehinde Adesola, Abah Aderonke Adebowun, Umeizudike Theophilus I, Amira Oluwatoyin C
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, and Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Oral Pathology/Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, and Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
Niger Med J. 2022 Sep 12;63(3):188-195. doi: 10.60787/NMJ-63-3-101. eCollection 2022 May-Jun.
Periodontal diseases are chronic and inflammatory in nature, and have been associated with hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is prevalent among Nigerians. However, controlled studies on the relationship between hypertension and periodontal disease in Nigeria are limited. Here, we investigated the relationship between periodontal diseases and hypertension among Nigerians.
This comparative, cross-sectional study assessed the periodontal clinical parameters, and body mass index (BMI) of 75 hypertensives and 75 gender-matched normotensive controls in a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Hypertension was categorized as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg based on the WHO guidelines. Sociodemography, periodontal parameters, BMI, and blood pressure were documented in interviewer-administered questionnaires. Periodontal disease was assessed by the highest Community Periodontal Index (CPI) scores, CPI sextants, gingival index (GI), simplified oral hygiene index (OHIS), and number of teeth with gingival recession. Hypertension was the dependent variable, while periodontal disease, obesity, age were the independent variables. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
The mean CPI 3 sextant was significantly associated with hypertension (P<0.05). The independent predictors of hypertension were moderate gingival inflammation (OR 3.314, 95% CI 1.156-9.502, p=0.026), older age >60 years (OR 11.527, 95%CI 2.976-44.651, P<0.001), overweight/obesity (OR 3.279, 95%CI 1.414-7.602, P=0.006), and lower education (OR 3.070, 95% CI 1.288-7.319, P=0.011).
In addition to the known risk factors for hypertension, moderate gingivitis was a predictor of hypertension, while hypertensives had a greater extent of pockets than non-hypertensives. This study reiterates the association of preventable, low-grade periodontal inflammation with hypertension.
牙周疾病本质上是慢性炎症性疾病，并且与高血压相关，高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素。高血压在尼日利亚人中很普遍。然而，在尼日利亚，关于高血压与牙周疾病之间关系的对照研究有限。在此，我们调查了尼日利亚人中牙周疾病与高血压之间的关系。
这项比较性横断面研究评估了尼日利亚拉各斯一家教学医院中75名高血压患者和75名性别匹配的血压正常对照者的牙周临床参数和体重指数（BMI）。根据世界卫生组织指南，高血压被定义为血压≥140/90 mmHg。社会人口统计学、牙周参数、BMI和血压通过访员管理的问卷进行记录。牙周疾病通过最高社区牙周指数（CPI）得分、CPI区段、牙龈指数（GI）、简化口腔卫生指数（OHIS）以及牙龈退缩牙齿数量进行评估。高血压是因变量，而牙周疾病、肥胖、年龄是自变量。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
平均CPI 3区段与高血压显著相关（P<0.05）。高血压的独立预测因素为中度牙龈炎症（比值比3.314，95%置信区间1.156 - 9.502，p = 0.026）、年龄>60岁（比值比11.527，95%置信区间2.976 - 44.651，P<0.001）、超重/肥胖（比值比3.279，95%置信区间1.414 - 7.602，P = 0.006）以及低教育程度（比值比3.070，95%置信区间1.288 - 7.319，P = 0.011）。
除了已知的高血压危险因素外，中度牙龈炎是高血压的一个预测因素，并且高血压患者的牙周袋深度比非高血压患者更大。本研究重申了可预防的轻度牙周炎症与高血压之间的关联。
