Gilam Gadi, Maron-Katz Adi, Kliper Efrat, Lin Tamar, Fruchter Eyal, Shamir Ron, Hendler Talma
The Tel Aviv Center for Brain Function, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2017 Dec 20;11:252. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00252. eCollection 2017.
Uncontrolled anger may lead to aggression and is common in various clinical conditions, including post traumatic stress disorder. Emotion regulation strategies may vary with some more adaptive and efficient than others in reducing angry feelings. However, such feelings tend to linger after anger provocation, extending the challenge of coping with anger beyond provocation. Task-independent resting-state (rs) fMRI may be a particularly useful paradigm to reveal neural processes of spontaneous recovery from a preceding negative emotional experience. We aimed to trace the carryover effects of anger on endogenous neural dynamics by applying a data-driven examination of changes in functional connectivity (FC) during rs-fMRI between before and after an interpersonal anger induction ( = 44 men). Anger was induced based on unfair monetary offers in a previously validated decision-making task. We calculated a common measure of global FC (gFC) which captures the level of FC between each region and all other regions in the brain, and examined which brain regions manifested changes in this measure following anger. We next examined the changes in all functional connections of each individuated brain region with all other brain regions to reveal which connections underlie the differences found in the gFC analysis of the previous step. We subsequently examined the relation of the identified neural modulations in the aftermath of anger with state- and trait- like measures associated with anger, including brain structure, and in a subsample of designated infantry soldiers ( = 21), with levels of traumatic stress symptoms (TSS) measured 1 year later following combat-training. The analysis pipeline revealed an increase in right amygdala gFC in the aftermath of anger and specifically with the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG).We found that the increase in FC between the right amygdala and right IFG following anger was positively associated with smaller right IFG volume, higher trait-anger level and among soldiers with more TSS. Moreover, higher levels of right amygdala gFC at baseline predicted less reported anger during the subsequent anger provocation. The results suggest that increased amygdala-IFG connectivity following anger is associated with maladaptive recovery, and relates to long-term development of stress symptomatology in a subsample of soldiers.
失控的愤怒可能导致攻击行为，在包括创伤后应激障碍在内的各种临床病症中很常见。情绪调节策略可能各不相同，有些在减少愤怒情绪方面更具适应性和有效性。然而，在愤怒激发后，此类情绪往往会持续存在，使得应对愤怒的挑战在激发之后仍持续存在。与任务无关的静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）可能是一种特别有用的范式，可揭示从先前负面情绪体验中自发恢复的神经过程。我们旨在通过对人际愤怒诱发前后（n = 44名男性）rs-fMRI期间功能连接（FC）变化进行数据驱动的检查，追踪愤怒对内源性神经动力学的遗留效应。基于先前验证的决策任务中不公平的金钱提议来诱发愤怒。我们计算了一种全局FC（gFC）的通用测量方法，该方法可捕捉大脑中每个区域与所有其他区域之间的FC水平，并检查哪些脑区在愤怒后表现出该测量值的变化。接下来，我们检查了每个个体化脑区与所有其他脑区的所有功能连接的变化，以揭示哪些连接是上一步gFC分析中发现的差异的基础。随后，我们检查了愤怒后确定的神经调节与与愤怒相关的状态和特质样测量值之间的关系，包括脑结构，并且在指定步兵士兵的子样本（n = 21）中，检查了战斗训练1年后测量的创伤应激症状（TSS）水平。分析流程显示，愤怒后右侧杏仁核gFC增加，特别是与右侧额下回（IFG）有关。我们发现，愤怒后右侧杏仁核与右侧IFG之间FC的增加与右侧IFG体积较小、特质愤怒水平较高以及TSS较多的士兵呈正相关。此外，基线时较高水平的右侧杏仁核gFC预测在随后的愤怒诱发期间报告的愤怒较少。结果表明，愤怒后杏仁核与IFG之间连接性增加与适应不良的恢复有关，并且与士兵子样本中应激症状的长期发展有关。
