Korre Maria, Sotos-Prieto Mercedes, Kales Stefanos N
Environmental & Occupational Medicine & Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Front Public Health. 2017 Dec 18;5:331. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00331. eCollection 2017.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes almost half of all on-duty deaths in US firefighters and is an important and costly cause of morbidity. In addition, cancer is a growing health concern in this population. Obesity and obesity-associated, cardiometabolic risk clustering are major, modifiable risk factors for fire service CVD and cancer risk. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is proven effective in primary and secondary CVD prevention. It is also associated with a decreased risk of cancer and other chronic diseases. Moreover, it can be adapted into successful workplace interventions. Emerging data from our group regarding the US Fire Service show that greater compliance with the MedDiet is associated with improved CVD risk profiles and less weight gain among career firefighters. Moreover, the fact that career firefighters take a considerable number of meals communally on the job also represents an excellent opportunity for a workplace Mediterranean Diet Nutritional Intervention (MDNI). The devastating effects of obesity, CVD, and cancer on the US fire service are recognized, but currently few effective preventive programs exist. The consistently positive health benefits from following a MedDiet and promising preliminary data in the fire service justify translational research to determine the most effective means of delivering MDNIs to US firefighters. Therefore, a high priority should be assigned to efforts, which can help further disseminate and implement our program of novel behavior change strategies, "Survival Mediterranean Style," throughout the US fire service and eventually to other occupations.
心血管疾病（CVD）导致美国消防员近半数的在职死亡，并且是发病的一个重要且代价高昂的原因。此外，癌症在这一人群中日益引起健康关注。肥胖以及与肥胖相关的心血管代谢风险聚集是消防人员患心血管疾病和癌症风险的主要、可改变的危险因素。地中海饮食（MedDiet）已被证明在一级和二级心血管疾病预防中有效。它还与降低癌症和其他慢性病风险相关。此外，它可以转化为成功的职场干预措施。我们团队关于美国消防部门的新数据表明，对地中海饮食的更高依从性与职业消防员改善的心血管疾病风险状况以及更少的体重增加相关。此外，职业消防员在工作期间大量集体用餐这一事实也为职场地中海饮食营养干预（MDNI）提供了绝佳机会。肥胖、心血管疾病和癌症对美国消防部门的破坏性影响已得到认可，但目前有效的预防项目很少。遵循地中海饮食带来的持续积极健康益处以及消防部门有前景的初步数据证明了进行转化研究的合理性，以确定向美国消防员提供地中海饮食营养干预的最有效方法。因此，应高度重视相关努力，这些努力有助于在整个美国消防部门乃至最终在其他职业中进一步推广和实施我们的新型行为改变策略项目“生存地中海式”。
