Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz), Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Biomedical Research Network Centre of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 24;12(12):3610. doi: 10.3390/nu12123610.
Metabolomics is improving the understanding of the mechanisms of the health effects of diet. Previous research has identified several metabolites associated with the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), but knowledge about longitudinal changes in metabolic biomarkers after a MedDiet intervention is scarce. A subsample of 48 firefighters from a cluster-randomized trial at Indianapolis fire stations was randomly selected for the metabolomics study at 12 months of follow up (time point 1), where Group 1 ( = 24) continued for another 6 months in a self-sustained MedDiet intervention, and Group 2 ( = 24), the control group at that time, started with an active MedDiet intervention for 6 months (time point 2). A total of 225 metabolites were assessed at the two time points by using a targeted NMR platform. The MedDiet score improved slightly but changes were non-significant (intervention: 24.2 vs. 26.0 points and control group: 26.1 vs. 26.5 points). The MedDiet intervention led to favorable changes in biomarkers related to lipid metabolism, including lower LDL-C, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, remnant cholesterol, M-VLDL-CE; and higher HDL-C, and better lipoprotein composition. This MedDiet intervention induces only modest changes in adherence to the MedDiet and consequently in metabolic biomarkers. Further research should confirm these results based on larger study samples in workplace interventions with powerful study designs.
代谢组学正在增进我们对饮食健康影响机制的理解。先前的研究已经确定了几种与地中海饮食（MedDiet）相关的代谢物，但关于 MedDiet 干预后代谢生物标志物的纵向变化的知识还很缺乏。在印第安纳波利斯消防站的一项集群随机试验中，从一个随机选择的消防员亚组中抽取了 48 人进行代谢组学研究，随访 12 个月（时间点 1）时，第 1 组（n=24）继续进行为期 6 个月的自我维持 MedDiet 干预，而第 2 组（n=24）当时为对照组，开始进行为期 6 个月的积极 MedDiet 干预（时间点 2）。在这两个时间点，通过靶向 NMR 平台评估了总共 225 种代谢物。MedDiet 评分略有改善，但无统计学意义（干预组：24.2 分比 26.0 分和对照组：26.1 分比 26.5 分）。MedDiet 干预导致与脂代谢相关的生物标志物发生有利变化，包括 LDL-C、ApoB/ApoA1 比值、残胆固醇、M-VLDL-CE 降低，HDL-C 升高，脂蛋白组成更好。这种 MedDiet 干预对 MedDiet 的依从性和代谢生物标志物的影响只是适度的。进一步的研究应该基于更大的研究样本和更强大的研究设计，在工作场所干预中确认这些结果。
