Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus.
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Jul 4;14(13):2762. doi: 10.3390/nu14132762.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of on-duty mortality among firefighters, with obesity as an important risk factor. However, little is known regarding the dietary patterns which are characteristic in this population and how these patterns relate to cardiometabolic outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the dietary patterns of US firefighters and examine their association with cardiometabolic outcomes. The participants ( = 413) were from the Indianapolis Fire Department, and were recruited for a Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)-sponsored Mediterranean diet intervention study. All of the participants underwent physical and medical examinations, routine laboratory tests, resting electrocardiograms, and maximal treadmill exercise testing. A comprehensive food frequency questionnaire was administered, and dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.0 ± 4.5 kg/m and the percentage of body fat was 28.1 ± 6.6%. Using principal component analysis, two dietary patterns were identified, namely a Mediterranean diet and a Standard American diet. Following the adjustment for gender, BMI, maximal oxygen consumption (VO max), max metabolic equivalents (METS), age, and body fat percent, the Mediterranean diet was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (β = 1.20, = 0.036) in linear regression models. The Standard American diet was associated with an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (β = -3.76, = 0.022). In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet was associated with more favorable cardiometabolic profiles, whereas the Standard American diet had an inverse association. These findings could help in providing adequate nutrition recommendations for US firefighters to improve their health.
心血管疾病是消防员在职死亡的主要原因，肥胖是一个重要的危险因素。然而，对于这一人群特有的饮食模式以及这些模式如何与心脏代谢结果相关，我们知之甚少。本研究旨在确定美国消防员的饮食模式，并研究其与心脏代谢结果的关系。参与者（n=413）来自印第安纳波利斯消防局，他们被招募参加联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）赞助的地中海饮食干预研究。所有参与者都接受了身体和医学检查、常规实验室测试、静息心电图和最大跑步机运动测试。他们还接受了全面的食物频率问卷，并使用主成分分析得出饮食模式。参与者的平均体重指数（BMI）为 30.0 ± 4.5kg/m²，体脂百分比为 28.1 ± 6.6%。使用主成分分析，确定了两种饮食模式，即地中海饮食和标准美国饮食。在调整性别、BMI、最大摄氧量（VO max）、最大代谢当量（METS）、年龄和体脂百分比后，线性回归模型显示，地中海饮食与高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇呈正相关（β=1.20，p=0.036）。标准美国饮食与低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇升高相关（β=-3.76，p=0.022）。总之，地中海饮食与更有利的心脏代谢特征相关，而标准美国饮食则呈负相关。这些发现有助于为美国消防员提供适当的营养建议，以改善他们的健康状况。
