Hintze Justin M, O'Neill James P
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Apr;275(4):857-865. doi: 10.1007/s00405-018-4866-y. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
The purpose of this review is to highlight the benefits of gender-neutral and the nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccination. Human papillomavirus infection is the most commonly sexually transmitted disease and is known to cause several types of cancers, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, oropharyngeal, anal, and rectal. 5% of cancers every year are attributable to human papillomavirus infection, with cervical cancer the most common and oropharyngeal cancer estimated to surpass the incidence of cervical cancer by 2020.
PubMed and MEDLINE were searched using the following search terms: [(human papillomavirus OR HPV) AND (vaccine OR vaccination)] AND [(gardasil OR gardasil9 OR cervarix OR quadrivalent OR nonavalent OR ninevalent) OR (gender neutral OR male)].
There are currently three different types of human papillomavirus vaccinations and range in cover from four to nine different strains known to cause human disease. Most countries currently only supply vaccination to females; however, recent data point towards both a personal benefit as well as a cost-effective population-based benefit with gender-neutral vaccination. Data from female vaccination only have shown the vaccine to be effective in preventing premalignant cervical lesions, and are believed to have the same effect for other human papillomavirus cancers. Male vaccination not only provides personal benefit but also has a "herd effect" for females by preventing the propagation of the virus.
Gender-neutral vaccination provides significant cost-effective benefits for preventing human papillomavirus-related diseases, and this effect is further enhanced by the use of the nonavalent vaccine.
本综述旨在强调人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）性别中立疫苗和九价疫苗接种的益处。人乳头瘤病毒感染是最常见的性传播疾病，已知可引发多种癌症，包括宫颈癌、外阴癌、阴道癌、阴茎癌、口咽癌、肛门癌和直肠癌。每年5%的癌症可归因于人乳头瘤病毒感染，其中宫颈癌最为常见，预计到2020年口咽癌的发病率将超过宫颈癌。
使用以下检索词在PubMed和MEDLINE数据库中进行检索：[（人乳头瘤病毒或HPV）与（疫苗或疫苗接种）]以及[（加德西或加德西9或卉妍康或四价或九价或九价重组）或（性别中立或男性）]。
目前有三种不同类型的人乳头瘤病毒疫苗，涵盖已知可引发人类疾病的4至9种不同毒株。目前大多数国家仅为女性提供疫苗接种；然而，近期数据表明，性别中立疫苗接种对个人有益，且从基于人群的角度来看具有成本效益。仅针对女性的疫苗接种数据显示，该疫苗在预防宫颈上皮内瘤变方面有效，并且据信对其他由人乳头瘤病毒引发的癌症也有相同效果。男性接种疫苗不仅对个人有益，还通过防止病毒传播对女性产生“群体效应”。
性别中立疫苗接种在预防人乳头瘤病毒相关疾病方面具有显著的成本效益，而使用九价疫苗可进一步增强这种效果。
