School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Oral Dis. 2017 Sep;23(6):726-730. doi: 10.1111/odi.12562. Epub 2016 Aug 29.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) contributes to the most common sexually transmitted infections, with repeated and persistent infection with particular types causing disease in both men and women. Infection with low-risk HPV types can lead to genital warts and benign lesions of the oral cavity, while high-risk types can cause various HPV-related malignancies. The incidence of head and neck cancers has been rising in the past number of decades mostly due to oropharyngeal cancer linked to HPV infection. HPV vaccination has been shown to be effective for cervical and other anogenital HPV-related cancers, and there is significant potential for HPV vaccination to prevent oropharyngeal cancers, given that the HPV types implicated in this disease can be protected against by the HPV vaccine. Few countries have implemented a universal HPV vaccination programme for males and females, with many countries arguing that female-only vaccination programmes protect males via herd immunity and that men who have sex with men will be protected via targeted vaccination programmes. We argue these may be limited in their effectiveness. We propose that the most effective, practical, ethical and potentially cost-effective solution is universal HPV vaccination that might lead to control of HPV-related diseases in men and women alike.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是最常见的性传播感染之一，特定类型的 HPV 反复持续感染可导致男女发病。低危型 HPV 感染可导致生殖器疣和口腔良性病变，而高危型 HPV 可导致各种 HPV 相关恶性肿瘤。过去几十年，头颈部癌症的发病率一直在上升，主要是由于 HPV 感染引起的口咽癌。HPV 疫苗已被证明对宫颈癌和其他与 HPV 相关的生殖器癌症有效，鉴于 HPV 疫苗可以预防与这种疾病相关的 HPV 类型，HPV 疫苗具有显著的预防口咽癌的潜力。少数国家为男性和女性实施了普遍的 HPV 疫苗接种计划，许多国家认为，女性 HPV 疫苗接种计划通过群体免疫保护男性，男男性行为者将通过有针对性的疫苗接种计划得到保护。我们认为这些可能效果有限。我们提出，最有效、实际、符合伦理且具有潜在成本效益的解决方案是普遍接种 HPV 疫苗，这可能会导致控制男性和女性的 HPV 相关疾病。
